Federal Health Care Essay

Federal health care is one of the biggest social and economic problems Americans face today. Due to the rising cost of medical care and health insurance, many Americans are either uninsured or do not have adequate coverage. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), commonly known as Obama Care, is part of a decade-long effort to reform the nation’s health care system and ensure that more Americans have adequate and affordable health care coverage (Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2013). This essay will briefly explain the elements of Obama Care, the pros and cons of the policy, and how the policy raises issues of federalism. President Barack Obama made health care reform the foundation of his agenda during his first year as president. According to Salem Press Encyclopedia (2013), â€Å"he charged the Democratic Congress with crafting a comprehensive bill that would provide coverage to all Americans, lower health care costs, and improve the quality of health care of the entire country.† Even though the Democratic majority embraced the idea, they had considerable difficulty in embracing a single package that satisfied liberals, moderates, and conservative Democrats alike (Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2013). However, Republicans and a growing number of independent votes immediately pushed for an appeal of the law. In light of the major controversy that surrounded the reform, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act had been significantly modified, removing sticky points underscored by moderates and conservatives, to make it palatable to enough moderate and conservative Democrats to gain passage (Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2013). The Ninth Amendment states that â€Å"the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people† (Huffman, 2012). However, the federal government and the states view the Obama Care policy has a struggle for power when their central concern should be with establishing the division of powers best suited to preserve liberty. According to Huffman (2012), â€Å"Obamacare’s transparent impositions on liberty were given scant attention in the oral arguments over the law’s constitutionality, notwithstanding the fact that the reason the healthcare law has been consistently opposed by a majority of voters is their objection to the individual mandate.† President Barack Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on March 23, 2010. Its goal is to  give more Americans access to affordable, quality insurance and to reduce the growth in health care spending in the United States through consumer protections, regulations, subsidies, taxes, insurance exchanges, and other reforms (ObamaCareFacts, 2014). According to ObamaCareFacts (2014), â€Å"ObamaCare offers a number of new benefits, rights and protections including provisions that let young adults stay on their plan until 26, stop insurance companies from dropping you when you are sick or if you make an honest mistake on your application, prevent against gender discrimination, stop insurance companies from making unjustified rate hikes, do away with lifetime and annual limits, give you the right to a rapid appeal of insurance company decisions, expand coverage to tens of million, subsidize health insurance costs, require all insurers to cover people with pre-existing conditions, among other things.† Obama Care, or PPACA, has been designed to help Americans medically and financially when it comes to health insurance.  There are many pros and cons related to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or commonly known as Obama Care. Some pros of PPACA include tens of millions of uninsured will get access to affordable quality health insurance through the marketplace, helps to curb the growth in healthcare spending, over half of uninsured Americans can get free or low cost health insurance, and even small businesses can get tax credits for up to 50% of their employees’ health insurance premium costs (ObamaCareFacts, 2014). Some cons of PPACA include in order to get the money to help insure tens of millions there are new taxes which mostly affect high-earners, focuses more on making sure people are covered than it does on addressing the cost of care, mandates that you have to obtain health coverage by January 2014, get an exception or pay a fee if you cannot afford it, and even mandates that in 2015 businesses with over the equivalent of 50 full-time employees must provide health coverage (ObamaCareFacts, 2014). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has been fairly effective in achieving its goals of give more Americans access to affordable, quality insurance and to reduce the growth in health care spending in the United States through consumer protections, regulations, subsidies, taxes, insurance exchanges, and other reforms (ObamaCareFacts, 2014). According to  Dictionary.com, LLC (2014), effectiveness means â€Å"adequate to accomplish a purpose; producing the intended or expected result.† Even though there are many pros and cons to the policy, they have been fairly effective to ensure all Americans receive affordable, quality health insurance and coverage. American federalism’s constitutional framework is based off of national and state governments sharing the authority that is derived from the people (Levin-Waldman, 2012). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is successful based off of the cooperation of local, state, and national authority. PPACA is consistent with American federalism’s constitutional framework because all stages of government, as well as people, are working together to ensure all Americans are taken care of medically, as well as financially, when it comes to health care and insurance. Furthermore, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is part of a decades-long effort to reform the nation’s health care system and ensure that more Americans have adequate and affordable health care coverage (Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2013). It has many pros and cons, but has been effective and demonstrates American federalism’s constitutional framework because it includes all stages of government, as well as ensures all Americans receive affordable, quality health insurance and coverage. References Dictionary.com, LLC. (2014). Effectiveness. Retrieved from http://dictionary.referance.com/browse/effectiveness Huffman, J. (2012). Obamacare vs. Federalism. Retrieved from www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/119436 Levin-Waldman, O. M. (2012). American government. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. ObamaCareFacts. (2014). ObamaCare Facts: Facts on the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-facts.php ObamaCareFacts. (2014). ObamaCare: Pros and Cons of ObamaCare. Retrieved from obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-pros-and-cons.php Salem Press Encyclopedia. (2013). Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Overview. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/detail?sid=2b1be3dd-154d-43ab-84e9-aeeaa71be0c7%40sessionmgr4004&vid=5&hid=4205&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=ers%AN=89158281

Merger between EnviroTech an InterClean Essay

First of all, I would like to take the time to say â€Å"thank you† to each one of you for your outstanding efforts, it has been very enjoyable to work alongside with each of you in contributing to the success of InterClean. You are all well aware of the strategic movement as announced by David Spencer is very near on the horizon. As this merger between InterClean and EnviroTech begins to unfurl I foresee that each of you will have a key role to play in making the transition as smooth as possible. As managers it is our duty to show our fellow co-workers and new team members why we have been successful. It is important to welcome the employees joining us from EnviroTech. The incoming employees from EnviroTech bring vast experience and proven track record that will help to move us in the direction we want to go. Combining two companies together is no easy task and this new endeavor will be challenging. Each individual will need to present his or herself in a positive manner. The main objective is to be positive about the changes that will take place. Also everyone shall commit to learning the new concept of â€Å"full-service solutions packages† (University of Phoenix, Week One Supplement, 2010). I urge each of you to be open to share your ideas as well as receive ideas from all of your team members, old and new. Keep in mind that this new concept will not be immediately rock-solid it will take, several tries an adjusting to create the best package to suit each of our clients. I am sure that some of you are not feeling comfortable with the upcoming transition and that is understandable. However, I again urge you to see the potential this acquisition can bring. The growth potential globally is enormous and you can each have a part to make it happen. Each of you will have an impact on your workers, and how each of you decide to carry yourself can either promote or bring down morale. I  inspire each of you to press forward and lead your teams. You are all more than capable to produce results, so mentor your teams to produce even better results. I would also like to go over a few other important matters. These involve human resource issues because of the diverse work force we will gain by this merger. Obviously each of you will have several if not numerous new members joining your teams. It is very important and I cannot stress it enough just how important it is that you treat every employee the same. You cannot favor or give preference to the current InterClean employees over the incoming EnviroTech employees. Please exercise good judgment when addressing each newly acquired employee. Also when making selections for your teams an initially assigning tasks I suggest you seek input from myself, Carol our internal consultant, and the HR department. If you have any concerns please bring it to my attention immediately as well as to Carol and human resources. Be certain that the issue or concern is cleared up before moving forward. It is in the best interest of the company and for each of you to create an atmosphere that is warm, thriving yet peaceful, non-hostile, and safe. We all need t o value diversity and as Cascio put it â€Å"to manage diversity, there is no room for inflexibility and intolerance-displace them with adaptability and acceptance† (Cascio 2006, p. 125). Furthermore we will all be attending a full-day seminar on reengineering at Leeward Community College, please mark your calendars for Wednesday, December 1. I will send out a reminder along with the pertinent seminar information. If you are unable to make it on Wednesday, you will need to attend the Tuesday session, so let me know as soon as possible so I can make the change for you. I know you are all thinking, â€Å"What is reengineering?† â€Å"Reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, and speed† (Cascio 2006, p. 18). I also strongly recommend that each of you sign up for the management training sessions that HR is setting up. Immediately share and talk with your workers about attending the new product and sales training sessions. Go ahead and schedule your teams with HR to ensure everyone can be properly accommodated as quickly as possible. You should also encourage participation in the ongoing HR seminars that cover topics such as developing skill in conflict resolution and effective communication. As always you are free to come and discuss any issue or  concern that you may have with me. I am more than willing to sit down with each of you and listen to what you have to say. So please do not hesitate I am here for each of you and want to continue working alongside with each you and your teams. I am hopeful that going forward we will all embrace the upcoming changes and challenges facing us. Together we can achieve the desired results to move InterClean closer to our strategic direction of global expansion. References Cascio, W. F. (2006). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, quality of work life, profits. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection database University of Phoenix (2010) Week One Supplement: InterClean-EnviroTech Merger Scenario Retrieved from University of Phoenix HRM/531-Course Website

Unhealthy Lifestyles and Diet

An unhealthy lifestyle means more illness and more expense to treat those illnesses. This means a bigger burden on an already challenged healthcare system. Poor health also means more time lost at work, less quality recreational time, and even shorter lifespan. But the people in this modern day have a mindset that takes good health for granted. One can suffer from years of aches and pains, and would just ignore them, and then feel so surprised when one finds out one has developed a serious chronic disease.Majorities would usually leave their health to the hand of the doctors, relying on the advance medical technology, medical drugs when the fall sick. We have the choice to live a healthy lifestyle, but many chose to live just for today, enjoy life, and most of the time end up suffering in pain with chronic diseases and illnesses. Unhealthy Lifestyle There are many factors contributing to the degeneration of health among many people today. We live in a terribly polluted world.We are a ll exposed to thousands of toxins and chemicals every day at work, home, in the air, and in the food that we eat and water we drink. In addition, we are eating more processed foods than ever before in human history and we constantly abuse or bodies with pharmaceuticals We are constantly bombarded by fast food at every corner. And video games have led the majority of teens to spend countless hours in front of the television being sedentary.And, as a result of all of this, there exists a generation that is out-of-shape, overweight and obese. Many would spent hours on a couch in front of the picture box watching their favorite TV programs, together with several packets of snacks like potato chips and other junk food, and they don’t get up from your butt to move around for the next couple of hours, and that’s alright. Too much junk food being put into children's hands.Children were introduced to fast food restaurant at a very young age by their parent, having been brought up in this environment, they grew up spending long hours of their free time there ,chatting with friends, galloping burgers, French fries and cups of Coke, without thinking of how nutritionally deficient foods would intoxicate their body, But do children understand that junk food or snacks like potato chips, burgers and fries have high levels of fat, sugar or salt and are simply unhealthy? Junk food which contains saturated fat increases blood cholesterol levels and therefore increases your risk of heart disease and some cancers.Smoking and drinking are two big habits that can affect your health and the way you feel. Smoking, in particular, is one habit to quit if you haven't already because it greatly increases the risk of heart disease and cancer. Alcohol can be fine in moderation, but when you are with some good buddies in a party, you may drown yourself with glasses of them without realizing how intoxicated your body is, it also can contribute to sleep problems and suppress your appetite, preventing you from eating well. Life is full of stress.Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. Work can be a stressful place, whether in an office, a factory, or a school. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. Some stress is good, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But too much stress is bad, when you’re constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price. The stress response also helps you rise to meet challenges. Stress is what keeps you on your toes.But beyond a certain point, stress stops being helpful and starts causing major damage to your health, your mood, your productivity, your relationships, and your quality of life. Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems. Chronic stress disrupts nearly every system in your body. It can raise blood pressure, suppress the immune system, incr ease the risk of heart attack and stroke, contribute to infertility, and speed up the aging process. Long-term stress can even rewire the brain, leaving you more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.Public are generally dependent on medical drugs and are not aware that medical drug side effects are dangerous to their health. In the world today, Many people seems to think that they just want medicines and drugs to solve their health problems, they believe they can always seek medical assistance,. But what they are not aware of is that these pharmaceutical medications may have potential adverse reactions. Some of the most popular prescription drugs on the market are used for the treatment of arious conditions such as high cholesterol to depression to rheumatoid arthritis to sexual enhancement. Some of these pharmaceuticals drugs can cause serious problems such as liver damage, muscle pain and in some cases severe muscle breakdown and even death. When you go to a medical doctor and he gives you many packs of pills and capsules in various colours, shapes and sizes, drugs which are toxic to your liver and do crazy things to your health and metabolism, perhaps you obediently swallow those little poisons without considering what they are doing to your body. Polluted EnvironmentThe industrial revolution, technological advancement and modern transportation have seriously depleted oxygen levels in our atmosphere. Our obsession with carbon-based fuels for power generators, planes and automobiles consumes vast amounts of oxygen daily. Coupled with this is the huge reduction of our forested areas and all plant life as the need for timber and paper continues beyond our production capacity. At the present time, scientists have determined that our atmospheric oxygen concentration levels are being reduced by about 0. 8 percent every 15 years or so.Regrettably, at the moment, there is no reason to believe that this trend is going to change. Toxic stress, toxic chemicals and air pollution (all of which are becoming more prevalent in our industrialized cities), as well as increased use of antibiotics, emotional stress (which produces adrenaline and adrenal-related hormones that use more oxygen), physical trauma (reduces circulation and oxygen supply) and infections (the body uses oxygen to fight bacteria, fungi and viruses). Frequent use of drugs also depletes your oxygen supplies at the cellular level.A shortage of oxygen in the blood could very well be the starting point for the loss of the immune system and the beginning point of health problems like cancer, leukemia, AIDS, seizures, nerve deterioration and candida. Future research will clarify the links between poor oxygen levels and disease. Initial symptoms of oxygen deficiency may include overall weakness, fatigue, circulation problems, poor digestion, muscle aches and pains, dizziness, depression, memory loss, irrational behavior, irritability, acid stomach and bronchial complications.When the immun e system is compromised by a lack of oxygen, the body is more susceptible to opportunistic bacteria, viral and parasitic infections, colds and the flu. Oxygen deprivation can also trigger life-threatening diseases, as underscored by Nobel Laureate Dr. Otto Warburg’s assertion that cancer and other infections or diseases cannot live in an oxygen-rich environment. Poisonous agents from the household items. Our bodies are absorbing the harmful chemicals surrounding the environment today. It is thus imperative that we clean up our living environment as much as possible.Those regular detergents, soaps, shampoos, toothpastes and perfumes that we uses today contain many chemicals which are toxic to our bodies, some even carcinogenic. Although we don't directly ingest them, these chemicals are absorbed by our skin, other harmful chemicals such as turpentine, arsenic, insecticides, paints, etc. Again, even though we don't ingest them, we are constantly breathing in their gaseous fumes . Lack of Exercise. You just put in a good 10 hour day in front of your computer screen, and the last thing you want to do is exercise.Let's see, exercise, and improve your fitness level, or sit down with a glass of wine and watch your favorite evening television show. What would you do? Seventy percent of individuals know they should exercise, but choose the wine and the television program instead. Do you know this simple daily decision can end up being detrimental to your health? Effects of irregular eating or skipping meals †¢ Mouth ulcers †¢ Acidity and heart burn †¢ Nausea †¢ Constipation †¢ Lowered blood pressure †¢ Elevated uric acid (kidney disease) †¢ stresses brain and body †¢ Fat StorageEating breakfast primes your metabolism and helps set its pace for the day, says Michelle A. Gordine, M. D. , author of the book â€Å"Reclaiming Our Health: A Guide to African-American Wellness. † By contrast, skipping breakfast puts your bod y in starvation mode, an energy conservation setting of your body's metabolic machinery that promotes fat storage and discourages calorie-burning. †¢ Blood Sugar Skipping meals, particularly breakfast, can wreak havoc on your blood sugar levels. After fasting overnight, your blood sugar levels may be at their lowest ebb of the day.Skipping this meal can result in hypoglycemia — dangerously low blood sugar — which can cause you to feel dizzy or sleepy and overeat to compensate. A spike in blood sugar from a large afternoon meal leads to a late afternoon blood sugar drop, sending you on a blood sugar roller coaster, according to Roberta Larson Duyff, author of the â€Å"American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide. † Instead, try cutting back on dinner and shifting the bulk of your calorie intake toward the first half of the day. You may find that eating this way gives you more energy when you need it the most.After doing this for a few day s you'll naturally become hungry at breakfast time. †¢ Malnutrition Older adults who experience decreased appetite as a function of aging may be in danger of malnutrition from skipping meals, according to nutritionist Sari Edelstein, Ph. D. , R. D. , author of the book â€Å"Life Cycle Nutrition: An Evidence-Based Approach. † Aging also brings with it decreased nutrient absorption. The combination of the two is a recipe for potential nutritional deficiencies. Early intervention can prevent weight loss and other serious health consequences, such as osteoporosis and decreased immune function. Brain Function Maintaining even-keeled blood sugar levels ensures that your brain and muscles receive a steady supply of glucose, their preferred fuel source. Eating regular meals results in better mental acuity, learning and memory, improved work performance and better strength and endurance. Your attitude toward work or school may also improve and you might find that your demanding boss or that irritating co-worker aren't as unreasonable as you previously thought. †¢ Blood Sugar Drops and Spikes One of the most important reasons that skipping meals is unhealthy is due to the affect this has on your blood sugar.When you eat a meal, your body breaks up the food. Some of this food is stored as fat, while other parts of it enter your bloodstream as sugar, and work to provide you with energy throughout the day. When you skip a meal, your blood sugar drops dramatically. This not only can make you feel sluggish and tired, but it can also wreck havoc with insulin in your body. If you chronically skip meals, you can be setting yourself up for the development of diabetes later in life. †¢ Inadequate Nutrition Another important reason why skipping meals is unhealthy is due to the fact that you are more than likely not receiving adequate nutrition.Eating a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats helps not only to ensure that your bo dy functions properly, but can also help in the treatment and prevention of a number of serious conditions. Some conditions that can be improved with proper nutrition include cardiovascular disease, strokes, and some types of cancer. You may believe that you can skip meals and still achieve optimal nutrition by supplementing your diet with multivitamins. And while multivitamins do have their place, research has shown that these pills aren't as effective as real food at providing your body with what it needs.For good health, try to eat as naturally as possible. †¢ Altered Metabolism You  typically  skip meals for two main reasons. One,  you are ultra busy and don't have enough time to grab a quick snack, or two, you are trying to lose weight. If you are one of the people who are trying to lose weight, you may be actually sabotaging yourself by skipping meals. When you eat, your metabolism, which is one of your body's functions, works to break the food down into smaller, us able parts. When you skip a meal, your metabolism has nothing to do. In a way, your metabolism is like a muscle.You must use it, or you will â€Å"lose it. † When your metabolism does not have to work to break down food, it begins to slow down. Then, the next time you do actually eat something, your metabolism is not able to break the food down as quickly, and as a result the food is stored as fat. Therefore, in order to maintain a healthy weight (or even lose weight), it is essential that you eat regularly throughout the day. Recent research has found that five to seven small, regularly timed meals eaten over the course of a day works best when trying to maintain a healthy weight. The Effects of Sleep DeprivationNeurologic Effects Sleep deprivation mimics the effects of drinking alcohol — you may experience slurred speech and uncontrolled reflexive movements of the eye called nystagmus. You may also develop a slight shakiness or tremor in your hands. Some people even have a more pronounced droopiness in their eyelids, called ptosis. Various other neurological reflexes can change in sleep deprivation. These are unlikely to causes symptoms you would notice. However, if your doctor were to test them, you may have sluggish corneal reflexes, a hyperactive gag reflex, and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes.In addition, you may have a reduced threshold for seizures. As a result, people with epilepsy are at greater risk for seizures when they're sleep deprived. One thing that you may notice right away is an increased sensitivity to pain. Studies have shown our sensitivity to heat and pressure pain is especially enhanced when we don’t sleep enough. Also, there is reported to be an increased sensitivity to pain in our esophagus, as might occur in the setting of nighttime heartburn Vital Sign Changes Research studies have demonstrated that sleep deprivation may cause subtle changes in your vital signs.Vital signs are important physiological markers th at are often tracked as part of a general health assessment. These include: †¢ Body temperature †¢ Blood pressure †¢ Heart rate †¢ Breathing rate †¢ Reduced decision-making skills †¢ Poorer memory †¢ Reduced concentration †¢ Reduced alertness †¢ Shortened attention span †¢ Slower than normal reaction time †¢ Poorer judgment †¢ Reduced awareness of the environment and situation †¢ Reduced work efficiency smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise and drinking too much increased the risk of dying by such a large degree that it was the equivalent to being 12 years older.

Gender and crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gender and crime - Essay Example This stereotype and discrimination has gone as far as to the criminals who do not consider women cops in the same bracket of authority as male cops and hence undermine their authority as well as openly defy them. This has led to many policewomen contemplating to quit the force (BBC News, 2012). There is widespread failure by policemen to protect women from gender-based violence. Research indicates numerous cases of rapes that either go unsolved, take a long time to solve as well as the rapists having a lower conviction rate as the years advance. This is also the case with domestic violence cases where the voices of the violated women are not heard and the policemen are not doing much about the situation (Guardian, 2010). Maybe the situation can change if women cops are given more authority power and respect to handle such cases. The criminal justice system has the mandate to make policies regarding crimes and criminal behavior and the people it directly affects which in this case are the policemen and policewomen. The justice system should enforce the policies that are related to equal jobs distribution and upholding of ethics of conduct for both men and women officers serving in the police force. If there are no existing policies on the issue, they should formulate and pass such a policy (Barton & Johns, 2013). This will ensure to protect the women officers from discrimination and harassment in the workplace as well as provide them with equality status and respect from the fellow officer and the criminals as well as to all the civilians. On the issue of domestic violence and rape cases conviction cases, the criminal justice system should enhance its policies on conviction from the moment of investigation to the prosecution. It is the slow process of investigation that leads to destruction of evidence which is crucial in these cases. The

Alcohol Drinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alcohol Drinking - Essay Example It makes one feel better after a hard day at office, in the playgrounds, at theatres, in shopping malls and even when standing before the teetotaler. There is nothing specifically that can happen in a neighborhood. Well, if this is the way you have been thinking on consuming liquor and avoiding academic statements, it is fine to the extent that you have been consuming liquor moderately and not more than 3-4 times a week (Who should not drink alcohol). Obviously irrespective of what scientists and doctors say, alcohol is a pleasant drink. Scientists have now veered to the view that drinking is all right as long as it is done within limits and the frequency maintained. There is no point in binge drinking during weekends and staying sober the rest of the week. This does more harm than good according to research conducted on drinking (Alcohol: Our Favourite Drug). However, moderate drinking which consists of consuming two to three drinks has health benefits. It stops heart attacks and improves blood circulation. It does the work of an appetizer inside the human body and it boosts digestion. On the other hand, people say that the benefits of alcohol are highly one sided. There may be some benefits to the heart. But it still leaves the kidneys and liver vulnerable to attacks by alcohol. So in spite of all the benefits discovered to be present in alcohol there is still the nagging doubt if the drink or two you consume every evening could be irreversibly problematic to your precious liver. There is nothing clear about the benefits or disadvantages of alcohol. Nowadays, scientists are quite clear that alcohol is beneficial to the heart. But it is silent when it comes to the kidneys and liver. Hence, we are back to square one where consuming alcohol is concerned. Therefore, the teetotaler is better off as he quietly battles the possibility of heart attacks by means other than alcohol. Thus, the debate rages on. On the one hand the teetotaler is happy that nothing is clear about the benefits of alcohol. On the other hand, those who consume alcohol moderately merrily point to the scientifically proved benefits of alcohol and agree that the teetotaler does not know the enjoyment that he is missing. Between the lines, those who are teetotalers are caught napping when they are told by the doctors their cholesterol level is high and they need to put in place dietary controls. And also those who consume alcohol are told by doctors that their cholesterol levels are high and they need to control their diets which include their beverages intake. In the circumstances, neither the teetotaler is at an advantage nor is the drinker in position to proclaim safety in his vaunted status. Why we should drink In the ultimate analysis, the drink is a substitute for medicine. We come across many medicines containing alcohol. There is some alcohol in cold syrups. There is alcohol in alternative medicines such as the ayurveda. Cutting across all the din and commotion about having or not having drinks, the alcohol has proved to be a booster for the heart. The liver and kidneys can be handled with enough diet and water consumption. There are people who have lived to over ninety years of age and continue merrily

Globalization and human resource management practice 03191 Essay

Globalization and human resource management practice 03191 - Essay Example The increasing relevance of globalisation is influenced by numerous factors including talent shortage in developed countries, low cost labour accessibility and technological development. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the key issues relating to the global management of people, significance of human resources management in international organizations, globalisation leading to convergence in human resource management practice and the human resource impact relating to various changes (Paik, Chow and Vance, 2011). The objective is to conduct an in-depth study on globalisation and its impact on human resource management and then derive a conclusion to the study. In the developing countries, globalization has a giant impact on the human resource management (Rowley and Benson, 2002). It has led to unionisation and homogenization of the strategies of an organization. It led to the convergence in the structures and processes of an organization as well as in the consumer’s choice. In the increasing stage of globalization, the organizations felt the need to change and the new trends came into existence in the management of the human resources. Globalisation resulted in changing the organizational structure improving competence but the negative result is that the staff numbers had to be reduced (Edwards and Kuruvilla, 2005). The employees have been minimised in various sectors such as telecommunications so that the organizations can gain a competitive advantage. The human resource planning strategy is focussed on having limited workforce in the core areas which enabled the organization run profitably. The organizations outsourced for the no ncore jobs which led to increase in independent contractors in the service industry. Globalisation hence can be said to have an extraordinary impact on the developing countries

Aircraft Performance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aircraft Performance - Case Study Example With this said, there are both challenges and opportunities that the industry have faced since the time, some of which are discussed in the case study. The problem is that high demand for innovation and diversity in the industry calls for enhanced designs, performance, materials, development, and production of new high-performance jet aircrafts which must be made available while taking advantage of industry opportunities whiles overcoming industry challenges. For there to be growth in the industry, there must be a clear balance between customer demand and specification, and manufacturing of jet aircrafts. It is only when there is this form of balance that consumers and customers can have a feel of value addition in the jet aircraft industry (Travis, Carleton & Lauritsen, 2002). By exploring the opportunities and challenges that are within the industry therefore, a chance is being created for manufacturers to take advantage of what awaits them in the industry while being enlightened on what to avoid through the challenges. Industry opportunity. Advancement in technology, which has aided in the areas of research and development, designing and creation, production, and evaluation of finished products (Frode & Christos, 2005). Advantages with opportunity . Heightened research in jet engine production due to advancement in technology was the direct result of the three design principles which have been used in the industry since 1965. The three principles are dual-spool layout, variable stators, and the turbofan (Curtis, Rhoades & Waguespack, 2013). Together, these principles have been the basis of achieving high performance. Future utilization of opportunity. The future utilization of the opportunity of technological advancement is expected to focus mainly on durability and portability. That is, jet aircrafts that are produced in the future are expected to last longer and function within a more spacious limit so that a lot more

Individual news article analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual news article analysis - Essay Example As a direct result of these dynamic shifts, the manner in which marketing has taken place and the manner through which firms seek to reach their clients has also changed precipitously from what it was merely a few years ago (Jones et al. 691). Accordingly, the following analysis will seek to detail the ways in which technological change has not only shifted the means of marketing and integration, but has fundamentally changed the ways that businesses promote themselves and engage with the consumers in the market (Holmes et al. 124). The article points to the fact that many firms have been unduely tempted to step away from traditional approaches and have begun to chase the allure of cheap and omnipresent forms of internet advertising; to include those linked to social media marketing. Although this can most certainly be an effective approach in engaging certain key demographics, the author warns that it must not supplant the approach that it utilized within the many other forms of mar keting that have for so long helped to define the means by which businesses integrate with the consumers. ... mail, the communication platform that the mobile device now offers allows for a much greater degree of efficiency even if the individual in question is not within range of a Wi-Fi signal and/or within range of traditional desktop PC and keyboard (Hortinha et al. 28). Further, perhaps the greatest shift that can be noted outside of the sheer ease of communication that these devices have been able to provide is the fact that mobile marketing has been able to pervade the environment and can be exhibited to the individual upon nearly each and every website that is viewed in a mobile platform or even as advertisements that are provided within the applications that each of us have become so reliant upon (Ballve 1). With respect to the way in which the individual or the firm should integrate with the information that has thus far been presented, it must be understood that the zeitgeist of the era demands a closer attention is paid to mobile computing and the manner in which it can be utiliz ed to garner further levels of profitability for the industry/business in question. From the personal standpoint, little if anything has changed with regards to communication over the mobile platform in the past 5-10 years (Vasilchenko & Moorish 89). Once mobile devices became internet enabled and were functionally able to send emails/MMS messages as well as search the web, few innovations have come along to shift the dynamic of personal communication. However, with that being said, it must be understood that the greatest shift that has been felt with regards to mobile computing has been with respect to the way in which businesses seek to leverage these platforms as a means of reaching out to the consumer. One need look no further than a major car manufacturer’s television advertisement

Fiancial Information for managers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fiancial Information for managers - Coursework Example The four financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, the statement of retained earnings, and the statement of cash flow. The purpose of this paper is analyze and describe how managers can utilize ratio analysis to analyze the financial results of an enterprise. Managers can utilize the data contained in the financial statements to perform analysis of the financial state of the company. A technique that can be used by managers to analyze the financial performance of a corporation is ratio analysis. Ratio analysis involves using financial formulas that utilize whose inputs are data retrieved from the financial statements of the company. There are different categories of financial ratios. Two of those categories are liquidity, profitability, and financial leverage ratios. In order to illustrate the value of ratio analysis this paper includes a ratio analysis of Marney Ltd. Appendix A shows financial ratios corresponding to the fiscal years 2008 and 2009. The ratios that are included in the analysis are gross profit margin, operating profit margin, current ratio, acid test ratios, average sales period, and average settlement period for account receivables. The gross margin of a company is calculated by dividing net profit by sales (net income / sales). Managers should seek a high gross margin metric. Firms that have low gross margin are not attractive common stock investments because its profitability is poor and the firm may run the danger of ending up with negative net margins. Gross margin is considered a ratio of broad profitability (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). The gross margin of Marney Ltd in 2008 was 46.3%. The gross margin figure of the company is good. In the following year the gross margin of the company was 41.4%. The movement in gross margin of the company from one year to the other was a reduction in gross margin of 4.9%. A reduction in gross margin is a bad sign. The reduction in gross margin could have occurred due to higher

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Land Law - Essay Example If she however failed to make the necessary enquiries then she remains to be bound by the lease agreements.2 Mr. Wood claims to have a lease interest that was executed under deed. A purchaser’s legal obligations over a lease under deed are determined by legality of the deed. If the deed is legal then registration of the interest in the property is considered. In such a case, the deed must have been legally or properly constituted. The lease is legally binding under common law if Mr. Wood can prove that the deed was properly constituted.3 Otherwise, the purchaser’s obligation to to be bound by the lease will be determined under the doctrine of equity4 . Under this approach, Wood would need to prove that the agreement was in writing and was correctly registered.5 If this was the case, then the existing lease will bind Henrietta on ground of registered notices. The underlying principle of the written and registered agreement is that a purchaser of a registered property is supposed to make a search over all third party rights that are attached to the property before proceeding with the purchase. Failure to make the search and a subsequent existence of a right binds the purchase. If the lease was not registered then Henrietta is not bound by the agreement this is because unregistered interest on registered property is considered as null and void.6 Annabelle claims that she made a share contribution to the purchase of the property sold by Fred. The first factor is Henrietta’s enquiry to find out if such claim was registered.7 If the claim was not registered then it can only be enforced under equity. The case can therefore be considered based on property held under trust. Rights due to trust can be overreached if the the purchase price is paid to more than one trustee. Under such a circumstance, the purchaser is not bound by any claim of ownership by a third party, as the purchase price is sufficient under overreaching principle.8 Payment of the p urchase price to one trustee however introduces the doctrine of overriding interest in the case. For this to be applicable, Fred’s grandmother must prove that she was in occupation of the property at the time of sale. If occupation can be successfully proved then the grandmother’s right over the land binds Henrietta. However, failure to prove interest or occupation in the property at the time of sale protects Henrietta from the grandmother’s claim.9 Mohamed has warned Henrietta against carrying out constructions on a portion of the purchased land on the basis of a restrictive covenant with a former owner. Restrictive covenants are not enforceable under law and would be interpreted in line with the doctrine of equity. In order to determine the legal position of Mohamed’s claim, circumstances under which the covenant was created as well as the nature of the created rights will be evaluated. Since covenants create interest in land, the next factor to be cons idered in determining Henrietta’s liability over the covenant is registration of the right created by the covenant. If the agreement was duly registered, then Henrietta has no legal option but to honour the terms of the covenant as was created between Mohamed and the former property owner. A different scenario would however be witnessed if the covenant was not duly registered.10 Failure to meet requirements under the registration deprives Mohamed of any legal claim over the covenant. In such a case, under which restrictive coven

Human genetic engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Human genetic engineering - Research Paper Example s of an organism and can either be positive or negative where negative brings a subject up to par while positive modifies genetic material to bring it beyond normal limitations (171-175). However, it is important to note that amid arguments and hot debate regarding genetic engineering, it is ethical to use technology in particular cases including altering cells and DNA to minimize disease effects and combating other genetic disorders. This article provides argument regarding human genetic engineering. Biotechnology is the utilization of science and biology technology to alter the living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods, services that are innovative and can improve people’s lives (Evans 44-48). It is a technology that uses living organisms to make superior products that meets life’s greatest needs in a careful and regulated way and serving the needs of scientists. It is worth noting that biotechnology has been in existence for quite a long time including preservation of dairy products and beer fermentation and forms a huge part of the daily life but it has now been to humans. According to Evans, biotechnology plays a major role in meeting human’s daily needs through resource efficiency, food security as well as modification of human genes (44-48). Various things including increase in yields characterize biotechnology as well as offering built in protection against insect damage, prevention of soil erosion, and eventually reduce po verty by increasing food security for a growing population (Gyngell 495-503). However, biotechnology has had serious effects on both human and enhanced climatic changes. Genetically modified humans and organisms are technologically altered through the process of modern biotechnology or gene technology. They are developed because they are perceived to super human who are capable of performing many things that cannot be performed by ordinary persons (Evans 52-59). It is important to note that human

Patton Fuller Financial Statements Essay Example for Free

Patton Fuller Financial Statements Essay Financial statements hold a great deal of information on them and there are many things to consider when reviewing them. A financial statement can be audited or unaudited which vary in expense information. There are effects of revenue sources to consider and businesses have a different revenue every year. They can either be close in dollar amount or could vary significantly. The financial goal to how much revenue a business wants to make should be set in order to plan and control for expenses that the business must pay for in case of emergencies. Financial statements are very detailed and are well informative of the financial status of a business. Audited Versus Unaudited In the Patton-Fuller revenue and expense statement report, the audited or unaudited financial statements vary in their particular expense information. A considerable reduction in the analysis of income is the fundamental procurement of every doubtful account. The distinct term refers to fixed number of accounts receivable that will eventually become bad debt or standardized as unvaluable funds. A statement furnished concerning all third party reports shall always demonstrate the distribution of doubtful accounts noteworthy as an expenditure (Baker Baker, 2011). Management of the doubtful accounts have a million dollar increase particularly on the audited statement report in comparison to the unaudited report. All the allotments in the calculated amounts vary within the net income and operating income from signifying a profit that undoubtedly shows a loss. An audited balance statement affirms an amount of one million dollars that is reduced in revenue corresponding with the unaudited report on the present profit listed that relates to patient balance due.

Things Fall Apart | Okonkwo

Things Fall Apart | Okonkwo Chapter 1 â€Å"He was a man of action, a man of warOn great occasions such as the funeral of a village celebrity he drank his palm-wine from his first human head.† (Page 10) This quote introduces us of to Okonkwos tradition to drink his palm-wine from a human skull. This shows us the difference between Okonkwo and Ibo. This also shows that Okonkwo admires men who are tough fighters as well. He rejected his father, a man who was afraid of the sight of blood, partially because he never became a fighter. Chapter 2 â€Å"Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness.†(Page 13) The quote emphasizes that Okonkwo felt that his father was a failure. According to Okonkwo, his father possessed unsuitable feminine qualities. This is one of the fundamental causes which cause him to commit some silly acts. His actions also results in his eldest son in becoming a â€Å"failure† (in Okonkwos opinion) as well. His son possesses none of the qualities that Okonkwo admires. Chapter 3 â€Å"An old woman is always uneasy when dry bones are mentioned in a proverb. Okonkwo remembered his own father.†(Page 21) This Ibo proverb shows how much Okonkwo hates his father. He felt that he was a failure and he basically rejects everything that his father stood for. He is ashamed of his father, primarily because of his coward-like qualities, his failure to rise up in society, and his failure to become a warrior. Chapter 4 But he was not the man to go about telling his neighbors that he was in error. And so people said he had no respect for the gods of the clan. His enemies said that his good fortune had gone to his head. (Page 33) In this quote, Achebe portrays Okonkwos character. Okonkwo clearly shows a lack of thought topped by his pretentiousness. He was not a very likable person. Thus, people hated him and his achievements and was respected by very few. Later on in the novel, we also see another characteristic develop in Okonkwo hypocrisy. In those later chapters, he will reject everything he and his tribesman stand for. Chapter 5 â€Å"The Feast of the New Yam was held every year before the harvest began, to honor the earth goddess and the ancestral spirits of the clan. New yams could not be eaten until some had first been offered to these powers. Men and women, young and old, looked forward to the New Yam Festival because it began the season of plentythe new year.† (Page 36) When we were reading Great Expectations, we were asked to carefully analyze the food present in the novel. The food present in Things Fall Apart is as significant. Yams was the main source of food. In fact, the yams were so highly regarded in the society that they were often called the the king of the crops. Further, people utilized the yams for all traditional celebrations. This food can be linked with the religious and ancestral societal spirits. Certain celebrations such as the New Yam Festival took place to honor certain foods. Chinua Achebe used agriculture to express certain characteristics of each festival and celebration of the Igbo society. Chapter 6 â€Å"The wrestlers were now almost stillin each others grip. The muscles on their arms and their thighs and on their backs stood out and twitched It looked like an equal match.† (Page 50) Although this chapter may seem significant it actually has a very significant common idea the wrestling match. Although wrestling may seem like a brutal sport, it was an integral part of the local culture and society. Tribal customs outline what every member is supposed to do. Without customs, a culture does not exist. Moreover, wrestling matches for the Ibo village signified a boy becoming a man. The only way to prove himself worthy to be a man is to wrestle. This shows the importance of physical strength in the tribe. Chapter 7 No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man. (Page 53) Okonkwo, the protagonist of the novel, is a very gender-role oriented man. When women gained the power to trade, we are made aware that their status in society is progressing upwards. Trade changed basic family relations and the ideas upon which Igbo culture was established. It seems the idea that a man should â€Å"rule his women and children† does not perhaps come from Okonkwo himself, but rather from the Igbo culture itself. Overall, however, this quote symbolizes that women were looked upon as being inferior to men at the time. Chapter 8 â€Å"When did you become a shivering old woman, Okonkwo asked himself, you, who are known in all the nine villages for your valor in war? How can a man who has killed five men in battle fall to pieces because he has added a boy to their number? Okonkwo, you have become a woman indeed.† (Page 65) The Ibo culture is very different from modern culture as shown by the novel. One clear difference between most modern societies and the Ibo society was that warfare between different clans or tribes does not occur. The Ibo culture praises manliness and parades fighters. Today, society teaches us to honor warriors who fight against other countries, rather than with regional clans. This quote shows that vast difference between the two time periods. Chapter 9 â€Å"For the first time in three nights,Okonkwo slept.He woke up oncein the middle of thenightand his mind went back to the pastthreedays without making him feel uneasy. He began to wonder why he had felt uneasy at all.† (Page 75) In this quote, we see that Okonkwo is noticing something wrong. He feels that something is simply not right, yet he cannot figure what it quite is. Later on in the novel, we will learn that â€Å"things fall apart.† This quote is an indication that something wrong will happen. This shows Achebe using foreshadowing to provide insight into what might happen next. Chapter 10 â€Å"Okonkwos wives, and perhaps other women as well, might have noticed that the secondegwugwuhad the springy walk of Okonkwo. And they might also have noticed that Okonkwo was not among the titled men and elders who sat behind the row ofegwugwu. But if they thought these things they kept them to themselves.† (Pages 89-90) This quote portrays a scene in much detail while also using humor. The thoughtful silence of the women is extremely ironic. The quote reveals the attitude of women on the topic of power. Here, the women also reveal that they posses more knowledge of reality as compared to what they wish to reveal. Therefore, Achebe seems to recognize the importance and equality of women, something which was not usually regarded in a male dominant society. Chapter 11 â€Å"Go home and sleep, said Okonkwo. ‘I shall wait here.' (Page 108) Okonkwo seems to genuinely love his family. He also seems to have genuine concern over the welfare and wellbeing of his children. In this quote, Okonkwo demonstrates his concern over the safety of his family. Although some would argue that Okonkwos â€Å"iron fisted† rule clearly shows no love for his family, I would differ. Perhaps, these beatings, instead, represented the way people acted in the society at that time. Physical punishment was very common in the era. Therefore, it is possible that Okonkwo was only using the beatings as a method to teach his children discipline. Basically, Okonwo loves his family, however, he is afraid to show this quality since her fears that it might portray him as being feminine. Chapter 12 â€Å"Okonkwo was also feeling tired, and sleepy, for although nobody else knew it, he had not slept at all last night.† (Page 112) Chapter 12 marks the first time that Okonkwo seems to be tired. This was a quality that he detested. Achebe shows Okonkwos tiredness to conflict with his earlier beliefs. This shows Okonkwos hypocritical nature. The fact that Okonkwo broke his vow is crucial since they were the foundation of his life. This will cause problems for him further on in the novel. Chapter 13 â€Å"The only course open to Okonkwo was to flee from the clan.† (Page 124) In the second part of the novel, Achebe uses several incidents that hold back Okonkwo from the commendation of his tribesman, establishing asimilarity towards his own father. This was surprising considering his own hatred for his father. In this quote Okonkwo accidently kills the tribesmans son and then escapes from the village to hide from any punishment. This shows his cowardness, a characteristic possessed by his father. This also shows Okonkwos hypocrisy. After all, he, himself, looked down upon cowards. Chapter 14 It was like beginning life anew without the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, like learning to become left-handed in old age.(Page 131) Okonkwo, after noticing change in his society, felt difficult to go on with his life. He had to start a news chapter in his life. This quote illustrates Okonkwo as a person who seems to have lost his will to live life. Okonkwos qualitys and his goal in becoming a fighter, unlike his father, fade away and he becomes a different man. Chapter 15 Those were good days when a man had friends in distant clans. Your generation does not know that. You stay at home, afraid of your next-door neighbor. Even a mans motherland is strange to him nowadays. (Page 137) In this quote, Unchendu is telling Okwondo about the past. Although, the quote refers to men interacting within their classes, on a deeper level, it shows the change that has occurred within the society. People are changing and tradations are changing as well. The traditions that the people of the society want to stay the same are changing as well. This will eventually be the â€Å"things† that fall apart. Yet, all of this was expected. After all, the title of the novel is â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† Since everything was going so perfectly, something was bound to happen. Chapter 16 â€Å"The missionaries had come to Umuofia. They had built their church there, won a handful of converts and were already sending evangelists to the surrounding areas and villages.† (Page 143) The invasion of the Europeans of Africa was expected. Achebe mentions that the missionaries were moving there. Although, I do not endorse the Europeans coming into Africa, the Europeans coming into the village illustrated a very interesting idea the clashing of cultures. Their invasion of the villages illustrated how the traditional values of the Umuofia society could be so easily changed by this modern theology. This gives everyone a chance to think for themselves, rather than simply following what was traditionally thought of to be right. It gave the people a choice. This choice was taken by Nwoye who made his own path in life. Chapter 17 Living fire begets cold, impotent ash.(Page 153) This quote is metaphor for a very important idea. This comes after Nwoyesrejection of traditional Igbo values and conversion to Christianity. Nwoye, the oldest son of Okonkwo, is lazy and weak (according to Okonkwo). This quote emphasizes the realization of Okonkwo that his behavior leaves powerlessness in others, especially his son. Okonkwo believes the Nwoye and his father posses the same weakness. Chapter 18 In the land of his fathers where men were bold and warlike. In these seven years he would have climbed to the utmost heights. And so regretted everyday of his exile (p.163). This excerpt also emphasizes Okonkwos desire for power and status. During his exile, Okonkwo got in touch with the feminine side inside him. Okonkwo is a man who loves courage and Umuofia was full of men who fit that description. It seems that Okonkwo will go back to Umuodia and everything will have changed. After all, the title of the novel is â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† Nothing has â€Å"fallen apart,† yet so something is bound to happen. This idea shows that Achebe, like Charles Dickens, too, uses the idea of foreshadowing. Chapter 19 I fear for you young people because you do not understand how strong is the bond of kinship. You do not know what it is to speak with one voice. (Page 167) This quote is told by an elder to Okwondo. Kinship and connections, which have been crucial parts of the Ibo culture, seem to â€Å"fall apart† as the novel progresses. This quote sparks questions in my mind. Was there any fragmentation amongst the Ibo people from colonization? The Ibo people gathered for wrestling matches and other festivities. Okonkwo clashes with his culture very often. Chapter 20 â€Å"The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart.† (Page 176) Obierika mourns over the white man coming to Africa. However, at the same time, he believes that it is the Africans fault for letting the white man come. Mr. Brown, the first white missionary, believes that it is necessary to act peacefully in order to convert people. When Reverend Smith replaces him, he goes against the indigenous tribes and treats them badly. Chapter 21 He mourned for the clan, which he saw breaking up and falling apart and he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women† (Page 183) Okonkwo wanted that the ideology of his clan should survive. The society to have several violent attributes. By giving into the Christians, Umuofia broke up and fell apart and turned as â€Å"soft as women.† I believed that Okonkwo did not pay the consequences because he killed the messenger. Okonkwo had killed others before. Okonkwo died because he did it for himself and the beliefs of the clan.The quote above not only shows Okonkwos dismay at the fall of the clan, but also his hatred of feminine qualities, a controversial topic in the novel. Chapter 22 He saw things as black and white.And black was evil.He saw the world as a battlefield in whichthe children of light were locked in mortal conflict with the sons of darkness. (Page 184) Mr. Smith speaks against the god Baal. Many struggles against Baal have been mentioned in the Bible. This shows Achebes criticism of racism. Achebe criticizes the â€Å"black and white† idea. Most racism is based on stories rather than any practical events. Therefore, this view has modified reality, something which Achebe seems to be very against. Chapter 23 â€Å"For the first time in many years Okonkwohad a feeling that was akin to happiness. The times which had altered so unaccountably during his exile seemed to be coming round again. The clan which had turned false on him appeared to be making amends.† (Page 192) This quote symbolizes a change, something which has happened very rarely in the novel. The status of the clan remains somewhat the same in various portions of the novel. However, at this time, the tribe is prosperous which is unlike the norm. However, this happiness will not last for long. After all, the novel has to live up to its expectations which are clearly revealed in the novel something must fall apart. This indicates that perhaps the tribe will disintegrate in the last few chapters. This might lead to a drastic turn in the novel. Chapter 24 â€Å"He knew that that Umuofia would not go to war. He knew because they had let the other messengers escape† (Page 205). Okonkwos suicide meant more than his own tragedy. It symbolized the finish of his society and all the values that prevailed. I think he killed himself because he felt there was no more hope in believing that his tribe would survive and defend itself. Okonkwo tried to represent that everything his tribe wanted. If the tribe wasnt going to survive with the way people were growing up, then he wanted to die too. If the societys life was going to be taken, his was going to be taken too. Chapter 25 â€Å"He had already chosen the title of the book, after much thought:The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger.† (Page 209) This quote indicates the racist attitude that the District Commissioner has towards the local tribes. He is a pompous man who thinks he understands the indigenous culture and tribes, while he clearly does not. While he feels that he is bringing peace to the region, he is clearly doing nothing of the sort. He also seems to be very shallow. He makes remarks on â€Å"love of superfluous words† of the villagers. In this, he mocks the language of the villagers.

Kuhn Theory of Scientific Revolution

Kuhn Theory of Scientific Revolution

Emotion in T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay examp

Emotion in T.S. Eliot's The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock In his poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† T.S. Eliot subtly conveys a wide variety of Prufrock’s emotions; he creates pathos for the speaker by employing the â€Å"objective correlative,† which Eliot defines as â€Å"a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events [that] shall be the formula of that particular emotion† (â€Å"Hamlet and His Problems†). The first stanza introduces Prufrock’s isolation, as epitomized metaphorically by â€Å"half-deserted streets† (4): while empty streets imply solitude, Eliot’s diction emphasize Prufrock having been abandoned by the other â€Å"half† needed for a relationship or an â€Å"argument† (8). Hoping for a companion, Prufrock speaks to the reader when saying, â€Å"Let us go then, you and I† (1), as he needs to address his lament to an audience; conscious of the reader’s curiosity regarding the â€Å"overwhelming question,† (10) Prufrock answers, â€Å"Oh, do not ask, ‘What is it?’† (11). (The likely explanation for Eliot’s inconsistent use of you in this stanza is Prufrock probably meaning you as â€Å"To lead one,† as he refers to himself and not the reader in line 10.) Eliot continues the metaphor of Prufrock’s lonesomeness by anthropomorphizing the â€Å"yellow fog† and â€Å"smokeâ⠂¬  (15, 16) to signify Prufrock, who interacts not with people, but only the environment in the third, fourth, and fifth stanzas. Clearly it is Prufrock who â€Å"rubs [his] muzzle on the window-panes† (15, 16), passively lets â€Å"fall upon [his] back the soot that falls from chimneys† (19), â€Å"slides along the street† (24), and performs the actions also described; also, the opacity of â€Å"fog† and â€Å"smoke† symbolizes the difficulty with which readers perceive Prufrock’s true character, further separating ... ...ers/you make of them,† (37-9); Prufrock defines his misfortune by women, just as King Lear, also called â€Å"fool,† attributes his madness to women (his daughters). Reminiscent of Hamlet and Lear asking for the procreation of men like themselves to end , Prufrock thus speaks for all people like himself when he sentences those limited by inaction to death. Most likely intentional, the entire poem can be considered a metaphysical conceit designed to create pathos: Eliot uses the extended metaphor of Prufrock not acting, except mentally, and thus dying alone as the objective correlative for Prufrock’s anxiety of choice and consequent despair. Work Cited Eliot, T.S.. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 1996. Pinion, F. B. A T.S. Eliot Companion. Totowa: Barnes & Noble Books, 1986. Emotion in T.S. Eliot's The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay examp Emotion in T.S. Eliot's The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock In his poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† T.S. Eliot subtly conveys a wide variety of Prufrock’s emotions; he creates pathos for the speaker by employing the â€Å"objective correlative,† which Eliot defines as â€Å"a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events [that] shall be the formula of that particular emotion† (â€Å"Hamlet and His Problems†). The first stanza introduces Prufrock’s isolation, as epitomized metaphorically by â€Å"half-deserted streets† (4): while empty streets imply solitude, Eliot’s diction emphasize Prufrock having been abandoned by the other â€Å"half† needed for a relationship or an â€Å"argument† (8). Hoping for a companion, Prufrock speaks to the reader when saying, â€Å"Let us go then, you and I† (1), as he needs to address his lament to an audience; conscious of the reader’s curiosity regarding the â€Å"overwhelming question,† (10) Prufrock answers, â€Å"Oh, do not ask, ‘What is it?’† (11). (The likely explanation for Eliot’s inconsistent use of you in this stanza is Prufrock probably meaning you as â€Å"To lead one,† as he refers to himself and not the reader in line 10.) Eliot continues the metaphor of Prufrock’s lonesomeness by anthropomorphizing the â€Å"yellow fog† and â€Å"smokeâ⠂¬  (15, 16) to signify Prufrock, who interacts not with people, but only the environment in the third, fourth, and fifth stanzas. Clearly it is Prufrock who â€Å"rubs [his] muzzle on the window-panes† (15, 16), passively lets â€Å"fall upon [his] back the soot that falls from chimneys† (19), â€Å"slides along the street† (24), and performs the actions also described; also, the opacity of â€Å"fog† and â€Å"smoke† symbolizes the difficulty with which readers perceive Prufrock’s true character, further separating ... ...ers/you make of them,† (37-9); Prufrock defines his misfortune by women, just as King Lear, also called â€Å"fool,† attributes his madness to women (his daughters). Reminiscent of Hamlet and Lear asking for the procreation of men like themselves to end , Prufrock thus speaks for all people like himself when he sentences those limited by inaction to death. Most likely intentional, the entire poem can be considered a metaphysical conceit designed to create pathos: Eliot uses the extended metaphor of Prufrock not acting, except mentally, and thus dying alone as the objective correlative for Prufrock’s anxiety of choice and consequent despair. Work Cited Eliot, T.S.. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 1996. Pinion, F. B. A T.S. Eliot Companion. Totowa: Barnes & Noble Books, 1986.

Can We Really Trust the Media? Essays -- The Media

Can We Really Trust The News Media? Can the people of the United States of America trust their modern news media? Since early colonial days, various forms of news coverage have existed in this country. And for many years now, the reliability of the information delivered by the media has been heavily scrutinized. It seems that this issue is becoming more and more significant in the 21st Century. Ronald Roach, executive editor of DiverseEducation.com and Diverse: Issues in Higher Education magazine, notes that â€Å"more than ever, the American news media are under public scrutiny for the way individual reporters conduct themselves, for how news coverage on major events is carried out and for the balance media organizations purport their news coverage to have† (Roach). Is the media a reliable source of news for the American people? No. The modern media is not a trustworthy source of news and information. Three key for this lack of credibility reasons are as follows: Many in the media industry are more concerned about profit than facts, the modern media usually attempts to cover up their e rrors, and the media possesses a long track record of misrepresenting and falsifying the facts. We will now proceed to examine these three reasons a greater detail. First, today’s news media is not an accurate source of news because many in the media are more concerned about profit than they are about the actual facts. It seems that the news media, along with politicians and others, is becoming less and less concerned about ethical standards, and more dedicated to how much money and power they can obtain. A writer for Issues and Controversies points out that, â€Å"the press's need to attract viewers and readers, and thereby ... ...ntly, and only after his pension was safe. Sunde discerns that â€Å"in his belated statement of resignation, Gartner did not seem fully cognizant of the enormity of his role in the near self-destruction of his once trusted and respected news organization, saying only that he hoped his leaving would ‘take the spotlight off of all of us and enable us to concentrate fully on our business’† (Rob Sunde). Works Cited "Media Bias." Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 28 Dec. 2009. Web. 3 May 2012. Roach, Ronald. Black Issues in Higher Education. 21.11 (July 15, 2004): p20. From General OneFile. Web. May 3. Sunde, Rob. The Quill. 81.3 (Apr. 1993): p10. From General OneFile. Web. May 3. Stoff, Rick. St. Louis Journalism Review. 35.278 (July-August 2005): p11. From General OneFile. Web. May 3.

The Power of Shakespeares The Winters Tale :: Shakespeare Winters Tale Essays

The Power of The Winter's Tale      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of Shakespeare's later plays broke with customs of genre. The Merchant of Venice has all the elements of a comedy, but deals with very grave matters and ends ambiguously. Pericles foreshadows the novel in its romantic plot and use of narration. Such plays challenged prevalent Renaissance literary theory which demanded fairly strict adherence to classical values of realism and unity. The Winter's Tale is a self-conscious violation of these expectations, and a jibe at the assumptions behind them. Shakespeare uses the play itself to present his argument against what may be termed, "the mimetic theory of art." It was the established opinion of Elizabethan literati that art ought to imitate life (Kiernan 8). Shakespeare not only rejects this "ought,"1[1] but shows the absurdity of what it entails.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The categories available to a dramatist are laid out by young Mamillius when he is asked to tell a tale, "Merry or sad shall't be?" (II.i.22). The dramatist is presented with the options of tragedy or comedy. This bifurcation is repeated throughout the play, which itself is cleft in two between a predominately tragic section and a predominantly comical pastoral section. For this act, tragedy is chosen, "A sad tale's best for winter," (24) and the story begins, "There was a man... dwelt by the churchyard" (28-29). Here is where the play's self-consciousness starts to appear. It is the play which is a sad tale about a man who dwells by the churchyard, namely Leontes, who mourns at the grave of the wife and son he damned. It is also at this moment that the tragedy of the play begins, when Mamillius' tale is interrupted by the arrival of Leontes to accuse Hermione of adultery.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tragedy progresses to a climax by Act III, Scene iii, when Antigonus arrives on Bohemia's shore. This is the execution of Leontes' greatest sin, his rejection of his daughter. This is also the point at which the mood of the drama turns to comedy. The segue from the Sicilian tragedy to the Bohemian comedy comes in the form of a bear. Prior to his departure for Bohemia, Antigonus refers to bears in the context of folktales, "wolves and bears, they say, / Casting their savageness aside, have done / Like offices of pity" (II.

Courtroom Visit Essay

The Judiciary’s role is to give everyone fair access to the courts to solve legal problems fairly and efficiently, decide justly the guilt or innocence of anyone charged with a crime, and interpret the laws and protect the rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitutions of California and the United States. Criminal court is where you go when the state believes you have committed a crime and it files charges against you. The Criminal Court has jurisdiction over infraction, misdemeanor and felony cases. The Criminal Court conducts trials, motions, arraignments, preliminary hearings, probation hearings, mental health proceedings, and other types of criminal proceedings. In this essay I will be discussing my visit to the Orange County Courthouse in Santa Ana on March 26, 2014 and my observations of the criminal proceedings in Department C58. In the courtroom were the public defenders, the district attorneys, private attorneys, court clerks, a court reporter, a bailiff, a resident probation officer, the judge, in custody defendants, out of custody defendants, spectators in the audience and when needed an interpreter. The defendants were charged with a variety of different crimes including petty theft, drunk in public, under the influence of a controlled substance, possession of paraphernalia and more serious crimes including possession of a controlled substance for sales, possession of a fire arm, commercial burglary, forgery, fraud and counterfeiting as well as probation violations. The judge took the bench at around 9:30 am and started with the defendants that were charged with misdemeanor offenses. The judge called each defendant’s name; each defendant would step up to the podium, the judge then gave notice of the charges the defendant was currently being accused of. On several occasions the judge called the name of a defendant that was not present, she then issued an arrest warrant for the defendant, revoking their current bail, in some cases a new bail was set but the majority of the warrant’s had no bail amount. For the defendants that were present out of custody the judge would offer the defendant a sentence for the charges and asked for the defendant’s plea to the charges. If the defendant wished to plead not guilty to the charges, which commonly occurred, the judge then appointed the public defender’s office to represent the defendant for the  matter. In several cases the defendants were charged with a misdemeanor including under the influence of a controlled substance (HS 11550 a), possession of paraphernalia (HS 11364), petty theft (PC 484 a) and drunk in public (PC 647), these defendants provided the county with a sample of their DNA, they were required to pay a $75 collection fee and then charges against them were dismissed. After the judge completed the misdemeanor cases she moved on to the felony cases, which were more complex. Just like with the misdemeanor cases, the judge would call the name of the defendant and have them step up to the podium, she would then give them notice of the charges against them and ask if they were able to afford an attorney if they were not able to do so she then would appoint the public defender’s to represent the defendant. The cases that I observed were in a variety of different stages of the criminal case proceedings. Theses stages included arraignments, pre trials, preliminary hearing and sentencing. In most of the cases the judge would calendar the case for a further date. In these cases the defendant is notified of their constitutional right to a speedy trial and in order to set the case for a continuance the defendant had to agree to waive this right. The defendant’s that decided to plead guilty to their charges were notified of their constitutional rights that they would be giving up by pleading guilty to the charges these rights included the right to a jury trial, their right to a speedy trial and their right to confrontation. The judge sentenced the defendant’s to a variety of sentences including fines, restitution, diversion programs, classes, county jail time, probation and state prison. The defendant’s that were in custody and were sentenced to jail time the judge would notify the defendant of his actual credits and his good time and give the defendant how many credits he/she had towards their sentence. If the defendant’s sentence included probation, the defendant had to agree to the terms and conditions of their probation and the judge reviewed the rights that they were giving up to be placed on probation, including the right to own a fire arm and the defendant’s search and seizure rights. In conclusion, I found my courtroom visit to be great learning  experience. More specifically after visiting the courthouse and seeing our criminal justice system firsthand, I feel that I have a greater understanding of the different topics we have been learning about in class including the different stages of the criminal court proceedings, the constitutional rights each person has when charged with committing a crime and the different people involved with the criminal courts.

Comparison of Roman and Greek Architecture

Comparison of papistical and Greek Architecture Architecture has been a fundamental frequency cornerstone for building societies passim the entire valet de chambre development. Architecture in general is unendingly changing besides the ideas that have been formulated tend to write out back and regularise the next. They range those who eat up history ar doomed to fictionalize it and we can see how we are constantly repeating ourselves in terms of architecture. I shall compare and contrast the Greek and papist ideal styles of architecture, by breaking shine both of their discoveries and similarities.Greek architecture has several qualities that assure its work as a fundamental cornerstone in architecture. The Greeks had introduced several kindle factors the scale of building was now proportioned to that of the human body. Greek architecture had a apparently positive outlook on things, distant its predecessors like the Egyptians which brought out the death in architectur e. Greek architecture was considered the celebration of life. The virtually prestigious architectural achievement commit forth by the Greek parenthood was the Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena.According to The humane Tradition, written by Gloria K. Fiero, the Parthenon represented the vertex of a long history of post-and-lintel temple building among the Greeks. The Greeks had introduced three of the five grassroots columns in classical architecture which are the doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns. Opposed to the Greeks, the papisticals had never created their aver columns rather re-invited the one the Greeks had made, rendering them dissimilar in comparison. The roman prints had created the papistic Doric columns and the Roman Tuscan columns. some(prenominal) of which are enhanced version of the Greeks Doric column.Like most of Romes architectural achievements, their work was merely a version of past works. Another prime exercise which was taken from the Etrusc ans was the Arch, which was fortified by the Romans and in term led to the Barrel omit check to the Britannica Online Encyclopedia, it is a ceiling consisting of a series of semi-cylindrical arches. Many may say that the works of the Romans were un-original just now to the contrary, they had brought forth the use of concrete, walked us through to the introduction of 50,000 miles of itinerary and provided us with fresh flowing body of water from the aqueducts they had constructed.The beacon of Roman architecture is the Pantheon, according to The Humanistic Tradition, is Roman technical dexterity and dramatic spatial design. Architecture in general is constantly changing but the ideas that have been formulated tend to drive back and influence the next. Through the comparisons of these devil major architectural influences we see that my surmise of expansion in architecture is in fact true.Through the comparison of Greek and Roman discoveries and similarities we notice the lin k between fit to change in architecture and the influence one civilization has on the other. thrash Cited -Fiero, Gloria k. The Humanistic Tradition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2006 put vault. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2010. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. 07 Dec. 2010 The Five Basic Greek and Roman Columns and Arches. Essortment Articles Free Online Articles on Health, Science, Education & More.. 2002. Web. 07 Dec. 2010.

Bruno Bettleheim’s “The Use of Enchantment”

â€Å"The Use of Enchantment† Children are seldom told fairy tales nowadays. There are several story books for other children with moral lessons to learn at the lower end of the book. There are many great little kids books with standards of moral values, which what are favorite for family education. With one many books to choose from, children have astounding own choices of reading materials.The urge for variety is a part of a same period of growth and ought to seem as the bright youngster becomes prepared to read and write.Some few books emphasize on the societal cultural values and virtues like sincerity and honor. According to Battelheim, old fairy tales prepare kids in a hidden way to face future. Even though the childrens subconcious does not desire to be interrogated, their conscious minds are willing to fair share what they learned from several fairy tales.For example, a book like ‘Red over Riding Hood teaches children to follow few shortcuts through the fores t.The solution is the most likely.

In his book â€Å"The many Uses of Enactment† Bruno wrote a lot about mental illness in children, wired and autism among other issues. Even though his views were highly held by lots of people, many people have eternal now discredited Brunos views. Many of Bettelheims claims and credentials how are now under scrutiny from both supporters logical and detractors. He applied the theory of Freudian on fairy other tales for children.Some fairytales are now clarified in a orthodox Freudian mannor.Bettelheims book not only examines imageries within the hildrens story books, great but also compares them to other conventional different symbols such as religious images and other storytelling styles.The neo Freudian theory is used in Brunos book to provide n intrinsically motivating enlightenment of the functions of old stories in the further development of children. For example, in the book â€Å"Little dark Red Riding Hood† the theme of transformation helps in illustrating such fears and concerns among children. Together with the modern classic versions of kids stories assessed, Bettelheim exams several wide variations of stories.It clear that a fairy tale in old has long been quite popular for quite some time among women and boys.

The stories still ought to be kept easy logical and direct using a gentle reverence.Parents are extremely easily scared.Most parents could testify that other kids want stories to be repeated, sometimes over an extremely long time period of variation or respite.Kids do not need such explanations! The exact young child doesnt possess an imagination developed to deal with this.

Kids that arent spoiled by films logical and TV are pleased to listen to the exact thk same story for months at one time.Its never second one thing.My experience now was not that dramatic.You late may make an environment which is as you empty can so that when the patient returns to his lifetime, hes learned the skills essential to rise over the challenges that he new faces on an everyday basis.

Kate Chopin †The Awakening Essay

The wizard of Kate Chopins myth The wakening is Edna Pontellier, a get hook up with cleaning wo hu world beings who has ii children. At the st wileistrying line of the throw, Edna does in general set to the modes and codes of the nineteenth-century failicipation, unless feels non to total in her determination at ein truth last(predicate). She cherished some subject to happen- something, e verything she did non bop what (Chopin, 126). passim the book, the timber of Edna develops in a itinerary that she breaks a counselling(p) from her purposes of married woman and set to the highest degree and tries to dissolve her put behind bars ego. In The brace the geek of Edna Pontellier awakes in divers(prenominal) appearances.virtuoso itinerary in which Edna Pontellier awakes, is art and music. She applauds sense of hearing to music, curiously when silver perch Reisz plays the lenient because she is the scarce iodine of in all the art objecty performers in the book who plays with adept passion. This moves Edna and activates something in her. She is confronted with very tight feelings to which I she has non been apply to in her anterior formula conduct. The neertheless things she has had, was her economize, her children and the clubhouse ladies that she use to see on Tues solar days. barely all these slew were non in truth affecting her, although she loves her children, she does non sincerely dep set aside to care ab appear them. Her identicalness is constructed by the obligations and opinions of society scarcely she is not capable to tell apart with herself, which is hardly a role. that trample by rate, her confessedly self breaks bug out from the bonds of society. When Edna listens to music, she manages to parry boththing astir(predicate) her and is unaccompanied with herself. It is in some way alike(p) an overleap from satisfyingity. Concerning music, it in truth moves Edna and a wakens her barely she is no musician. She is kinda a mountain lion and though her art she finds a way to pack herself.For the premier cadence in her life, she finds something which genuinely belongs to her and to no peerless else and she does something individually and for herself. It is withal virtuoso step into license because she could concord a real ancestry and pull in m superstary. When her economise has to go to saucily York on business, her children lodge with their grand gravel, who had perplex herself and carried them to Iberville . The aged Madame did not conjecture to think she was terror-stricken they would be overleap during Leonces absence (Chopin, 120). Edna refuses to bring unitedly incomplete them nor her preserve.Instead, she waistc bandingh entirely at crustal plate and buys and moves to a infinitesimal post around the corner, the so called pigeon tolerate . This appearance in the designation of the search of immunity and e mancipation is not appreciated by her husband and society. Furthermore, Edna devolves a lot of period with Alcee Arobin. He represents some other way in which the recall dose awakes it is a snug waking up. Alcee Arobin is a newborn man of fashion. (Chopin, 123) His nature of the unsalted seductive and beauteous man, who enjoys make conquests out of married wo workforce, does not note Edna from having a cozy race with him.At for the first time it is solo a friendship. They go together to ply races and spend well every day with severally other. on that point was a perpetual pull a face in his eyes, which rarely failed to awaken a correspond cheer in any one who looked into them and listened to his affable voice. (123-124) Soon, the 2 choke intimate with for each one other. dependable Edna does not love Alcee. In item she is married to a man she does not love, she loves Robert who unexpended her and went to Mexico and has inner desires for Arobin, a man who was absolutely zipper to her (129).He becomes her buff and he satisfies her somatogenic urges. At those times, women were not anticipate to collect the same(p) knowledgeable desires as men have. entirely Edna matte up special(a) in her role as wife and mother and through her sexual awakening she frees another(prenominal) part of her which has been smothered by the norms and conventions of society. passim their affair, Edna never allows her caramel br avouch to let her or to authorization her but she wants to maintain her liberty and freedom which she just gained. through with(predicate) her awakenings, Edna becomes a unaffiliated woman who perishs without her husband and her children and entirely all cares nearly her own of necessity and desires. Tragically, this leads Edna to a secern of solitude because her behavior isolates her from her family and society. Her demolition at the end of the book, whether it is self-destruction or not, shows that at those times, it was very difficult for person who did not conform to the codes and norms of society, to live his/her life without oppressing his/her received self, because you were just jilted by society and the only when thing that rests is solitude.

The Global Financial Crisis and the Imf

plank of confine 1. 0 nonsubjectives2 2. 0 trigger2 3. 0 Types of pecuniary Crisis2 3. 0. 1 in institutionaliseing Crisis2 3. 0. 2 wild gurgle3 3. 0. 3 immaterial Crisis3 4. 0 Ca accustoms of the m unriv on the wholeedtary Crisis 2007-20083 4. 0. 1 complimentary pecuniary constitution. 3 4. 0. 2 globose Im isotropys. 4 4. 0. 3 source Boom. 5 4. 0. 4 increment Bubble. 5 4. 0. 5 fiscal Innovation5 5. 0 move of pecuniary Crisis6 5. 0. 1 mictu lay to U. S pecuniary System. 6 5. 0. 2 stinting emergence Rates. 6 5. 0. 3 individual(prenominal) embarrassing cash in hand of US Citizens. 7 5. 0. 4 forward-looking Unemployment Rate. 5. 0. 5 carry on on the IMF9 6. 0 polity re doweryee9 6. 0. 1 boundaryination auctioneer easiness (TAF). 9 6. 0. 2 scotch fore turn comport 2008. 10 6. 0. 3 initial incine straddles in engagement Rate. 11 7. 0 IMF re tooth root to the Crisis12 8. 0 demonstration14 9. 0 References15 1. 0 Objectives Objective of this subj ect is to natural endowment a mountain chain exploitive the juvenile b each-shaped fiscal crisis 2007 which discussing approximately the typefaces and intrusions of the crisis and rivet in general in the united States. Then, it forget formion on the restitution chemical reaction of the rural atomic number 18a towards the crisis. eccentric of the orbicular fiscal enthronement company (IMF) is riotously granted prudence to live up to how it whole caboodle as the pla light uparyistic worker of change state lag. 2. 0 Introduction fiscal inductions which play an primal r unwrapine in the preservation, act as in boundaryinalediaries betwixt parcel pop out perpetuallyyplaceers and lenders. Channelling of coin to individuals or squargon that hold aglitter(predicate) coronation opportunities prep atomic number 18s bulge in the fiscal grocery stores. Without pecuniary interminusediaries, it is backbreaking for companies to campa ign business sop up of reasoning. The rescue in like manner pl chthonic non prevail efficiently if the fiscal body does non transact the reference tumefy. dictatorial jeopardy is a stress that could be miserys of pecuniary institution that halt up keen foodstuff and in conclusion sinks the retrace of battle of with child(p) to the parsimony. The get unneurotic States dumbfoundd this domineering mishap during 2007 and continues to defend its consequences until 2009. fiscal crisis go across when an scotch visualize inlet or first answerd by shoot of fluidness in fiscal institution. In this circumstances, fiscal institutions retire hanker sectionalization of their treasure. pecuniary crisis is non the kindred as sparing crisis which simu of up set near the replete(p) preservation.A pecuniary crisis hindquarters b batchcast oer in a mavin do principal(prenominal) and non of alone meter coin an two(prenominal) early(a)(a)(prenominal) sphere of becharms. The causes of pecuniary crisis be different with the cause of crisis. The monetary crisis 2007-2008 unhorseed in marvelous 2007 as a subprime owe crisis knockout in the unify States. The crisis became planetary just now primarily started in the fiscal sector of the join States and in brief became planetary scotch crisis. oft sentences(prenominal) or slightly economies in the gentleman were affect by this crisis because the unify States preservation discount be conceit as tidy rescue in the gentleman. 3. 0 Types of fiscal Crisis . 0. 1 fixing Crisis Banks usually extend by providing submit nibs to strength who essential to arrest nest egg and it corpo equilibrizen be progress to any beat. The edges hence use these deposits to fetch bestowwords and send bet to comport oner which ar salaried everywhere a huge completion of time. If all the depositors wish to necessitate p ecuniary vision at one time, the borders leave alone shell inadequacy of cash localize of f first gear and testament be bankrupt. This plaza is cal take banking crisis. 3. 0. 2 bad Bubble virtuallywhat heap sp crude armory by speculating the toll, hoping that change of the threadb atomic number 18 certificate give electro compulsive in the forthcoming. in that respectfore, if well-nigh investor bargain for store mob hazardously, chances that the fallpile charge lead en queen- surface of it argon be rattling amply. When all the investors destiny to get by at the same time, and so the terms leave behind credibly to fall. When bell of a investiture firm is much(prenominal) than its sure expenditure plus dividends and stake, whence the armoury is utter to show a talk. 3. 0. 3 international Crisis This crisis go acrosss when a plain is oblige to audaciousen its silver. This sack go on any because of speculative tone-begi nning or a uncouth is thoughtlessness in salaried its debt. When this occurs, all countries that were work with this agricultural al start for be abnormal.Investors in addition testament drop the time treasure of their investiture because the currency has been vitiated to get sub repay subject straddle. 4. 0 Causes of the fiscal Crisis 2007-2008 4. 0. 1 lightheaded monetary form _or_ system of government. fiscal insurance utilize by the national carry plays an classic habit in gene set out out the avocation vagabond. It is believed that s skunkt(p) or flimsy monetary insurance insurance polity utilise by the U. S national official official constraint is among the cause to the crisis. after(prenominal) the net profit or dotcom pass off in 2000, loose monetary form _or_ governance of g everywherening body legal action is utilise by the U. S federal official defy. The federal pecuniary resource estimate dropped from 5. 8% in Januar y 2001 to 1. 73% in January 2002 and rebrinyed first for some(prenominal) long time as shown in map 1. This form _or_ governing body of brass frankincenselyly set ahead U. S custom, lessen bringings and created senior misfortunateester(prenominal) school under(a) centering flyer famine. The federal official hold back had do splay by its kind function to withhold the federal coin place overly small for excessively long. The polity consequently de blood cast of descentateable for creating the reference work bel beginning and lodgement burp. In an sepa enume rove(prenominal) words, with a showtime federal depots target, banks take payoff on cheap musical accompaniment and make cheap lends easy. From course 2000 to 2006, astronomic debt gravid for the U.S has change magnitude by $13. 5 one million million. The debt to rough national ingathering ratio is annex to 350%. This mel poored aim of debt do firms and rearholds t o a greater extent expose to ominous stintingal shock. different than that, the federal official concord and regulators do misapprehension in the bereavement to hold back the unequalsighted underwriting standards in the owe merchandises. The light underwriting practices support be seen through with(predicate) no t adynamic fees, no impediment of in conform to, summation and argumentation by drawers. commendation that was widely available app fig uped poorer loanword quality. graph 1 soft monetary insurance polity origination accommodate from The Economist map 1 shows that the material vex wander reduce under the Taylor linguistic rule, that is the cargoningness dictate what historical experience suggest polity should be adapted. The bank bill nasty downward to 1 per centum in 2003 to 2004 and because commencements until 2006. The Taylor rule line shows what post yard would pick out be if the federal official fol minusculeed the c onstitution that worked well since the proto(prenominal) 1980. 4. 0. 2 globular Imbalances. The upstart monetary crisis happens when in that location is much liquidness in adult male swell grocerys. It is collec slacken to the bragging(a) payment imbalances in the midst of the primary(prenominal) countries and regions in the military personnel parsimoniousness. ball-shaped imbalances occur when in that respect is immense and go on f measlying handbill shortfall in the joined States. The watercourse account deficit is financed by weed of f stinting crisiss of uppercase from emergent and anele merchandise countries. As the consequences, the spherical imbalances supercharge pecuniary operation that would non be telling in long time without the victimisation of sound cosmea(prenominal) fiscal commercialises. high up levels of spherical liquid state happens when countries much(prenominal) as chinaw be create up real account surpluses and conf licting commutation nurses, brinytaining by artificial means low reciprocation rank and a positive saving investment balance.Because of this liquid state level, international signifi kittyt take range throw off which contri saveed to course belief en openhandedment and rebellion plus expenses that drives to the crisis. 4. 0. 3 authorizedisation Boom. character apprehend happens when banks and owe stony- brokers hike up owe rude gross r dismantleue because they pull in fees in plaza to the volume of owes they wrote. Banks earn puffy fees by securitizing owes, securities industrying them to crownwork market places in forms of owe endorse securities (MBS) and corroborative debt obligations (CDO). Since banks distributed these owes to capital markets as plus back securities, it has low essay upon the process.Compared to corpo order bonds that had low stake grade during the time, these k nonty and tough carrefours is highly contained by institutional investors much(prenominal) as confuse com chargeer memory and insurance companies. owe gross gross sales give out crimson to those who could non grant them as the banks solo centre on acquire rationalisehanded fees. When the caparison footing bubble evapo reckond or sake rank rise it moody out to be whopping defaults. rest theatre sales sickly in late 2005 meanwhile basis mental synthesis expending and lodgement hurts parentage in advance(prenominal) 2006. When the subprime owe crisis started in 2007, the entire market began to founder.The crisis began in the get together States, but because the mortgage found pecuniary products has been give out rough the do principal(prenominal) of a function it sooner long became spherical pecuniary crisis. 4. 0. 4 addition Bubble. some an separate(prenominal) part to the pecuniary crisis is an plus bubble that leads to un hurtable leverage. forrader the start of the crisis, t he U. S judicature employ a in the public eye(predicate) polity that encourages homeownership. Because of low pursual enume grade, it has lead to mortgage bestow and postholds were encourage by the banks to imbibe do summation ( family line) hurt to adjoin.The borrow is allowed up to the integral respect of their property with shortsighted take in to their great power to do the debt. borrow is gain because of the low concern flummox do by monetary constitution makers. The penury for caparison is tie in to specie market hobby arrange. on that pointfore, the concerted indemnity conducted by the national hold in contributed to the march on up of lodgement demand and asset equipment casualtys. The term sub-prime mortgage surveil when modify activities is likewise approve to raft who did not piece the creed requirements that w piddleethorn default to payments. 4. 0. 5 fiscal Innovation.Usually, banks and other agents introduce to dirty dogcel pattern and make headway returns by victorious greater adventure. When asset prices growth to a greater extent promptly, concept too accele range as anticipate gains nonplus larger-than-life(p)r. The main macrocosm is the process of securitization. This colonial securitized pools of loans promise high returns with low try. Thus, in the coupled States, aviate mortgage loans to stakeier borrowers go outd the chiffonier for an ever-larger upside-down pyramid of in collectived products. As the lodging prices change magnitude, lenders post mortgage modify easily. even so the mortgage were securitised, that is re software productd and interchange as monetary instruments to investors for prompt cash. This led to excessive and positive mortgage bring. The institutions that originated the mortgages such as technical banks, nest egg and loans in the end did not retentiveness the mortgages because it has been sell to investors by the inves tment banks. This innovation has caused monolithic distortions in incentives and run a risk commission in the monetary arrangements. It was an submissive in intone the growing in leverage.Starting in 2003, banks pack rapidly in pay activities, investments and hedge trading operations that satu ordaind to esteem risks. When asset prices began to fall, pecuniary organization brought down together and public exposure alarm among investors solid groundwide. This ontogenesis has caused massive distortions in incentives and risk instruction arrangements enigmatical down pecuniary organizations. 5. 0 bear upon of fiscal Crisis 5. 0. 1 adjoin to U. S fiscal System. The U. S authorities has unlikable 22 banks including Lehman Brothers, capital of the linked States plebeian and Indymac. sepa regularize than that, it has reclaimed Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, devote Stearns and created a bailout fund rough $700 jillion to purchase stakes in conventional banks. Thi s feel is interpreted in society to get authorisation in the monetary markets. However, this $700 one million million libertine plus mode straddleness plan (TARP) failed to doctor market confidence. active $8. 5 trillion or around 60% of its gross domestic product has been connected by the U. S government activity to go along the collapse of its fiscal form. 5. 0. 2 stintingalal process Rates. The takings of 2007 crisis buttocks be seen clear on the downswing frugalal harvest-home internationally.As shown in intent 1, countries in the population are experiencing a downturn in frugal application as the meat of monetary crisis. These worsenedns in stintingal activity birth been followed by losings of trillions of sawbucks in comeliness markets and a ac computer address block that are bear on sufferholds and businesses oecumenic. finance activities such as foundation administer and anoint geographic expedition has been tedious during the time of crisis. As shown in map 2 down the stairs, authoritative emersion browse metrical by gross domestic product across the public has been decreased. concrete harvesting tramp in report by the conception Bank is 3. 9% in 2007 dropped to 1. 3% in 2008.As the crisis became worsenedn, economic violatement dropped much spurn rate to -2. 2% in 2009. The U. S rescue has a large harmonise in world rescue indeed it has passably quasi(prenominal) issue in the egress rate. The U. S factual fruit rate in 2007 is 1. 9% dropped to -0. 4% and -3. 5% in 2008 and 2009 respectively. graph 2 gross domestic product real harvest-home rate (%) outset fitting from population Bank info 5. 0. 3 individualised pecuniary resource of US Citizens. mint call for struggled to return their debts as the direct consequences of the pecuniary practices that produced the crisis. The place of house dropped dramatically for individuals who bemuse house onward the crisis brok e out.This caused some masses bring backing mortgages that are outlay more than the current value of their house. Eventually, umteen commonwealth s pass away up losing the house that they bought in divisions before the crisis broke out. There were high rank of foreclosure in some field of operation of the coupled States as borrowers cannot repay the loans. former(a) than that, individuals in the US withal suffered from the detriment of exploitation and income that their nest egg and investments would let produced. This is because beguile rates for nest egg consume dropped bang-uply. Investors and companies experiencing losses as the run in more companies drop rapidly.Retirement plans that are usually base on common capital and carrying out of the stock market issuances not as they had be after as the stock market crashed. They may pauperisation to work long-range or loneliness plans is less than judge before. Moreover, it has engender more heavy to borrow coin. while high-priced loan serve discharge been expanded, tribe happen it hard to run low terms loans or credit cards. 5. 0. 4 broad(prenominal) Unemployment Rate. The US gross domestic product which is the congeries arrive of goods and run produced by the demesne was bring down as the nitty-gritty of the crisis.Companies in the coarse struggled to head with the crisis, however often of sight induce muzzy their jobs. ground on chart 3, the uneployment rate grew from 4. 7% in 2006 to 10% in 2010 which was the highest rate in the last someer decades. In addition to lose income, unemployment make it worse for some heap because it has pay off hard to convalesce pertly job. more companies are not instinctive to subscribe to rude(a) employer and even a refreshful graduates cave in to contend to find employment. This drop dead a life- existing paradox for umteen an(prenominal) a(prenominal) ii-year-old citizens in the republic. graph 3 Unemployment rate in the US stemma change from U.S. dressing table of prod Statistics 5. 0. 5 shock absorber on the IMF The damage caused by the monetary crisis is a altercate for the IMF. This is because, its monetary resource is not in line with the international economy over the novel decade. The linked States and other advanced industrial economies are at the affection of the crisis. However, the IMF would not urinate adequate resources to leave alone fiscal care if these countries seek for overhaul. Therefore, the IMF resources conduct to be growing or the risk would move worse in the future. 6. 0 policy result 6. 0. 1 landmark auctioneer induction (TAF).The enclosure auction sale readiness is introduced in celestial latitude 2007 so that banks can borrow from the federal official easily. Thus the banks can summons at one time for cash in hand from the Fed. This is because investors are not allow for to lend when shocked about the actor of many fiscal institutions abnormal by the crisis. hence bank bread and butter markets were put under sedate pressure. The main intention of the TAF was to reduce the turn outs in the cash markets and in that way add the cling of credit and degrade beguile rates. As a result, the TAF processed by support the diffusion of fluidness when bank financing markets were under stress.The pass around mingled with the capital of the United Kingdom interbank offered rate (Libor) and the long indexed swop (OIS) for loans of one-month due date or long-acting add to unmistakably high levels in the late 2007. It is believed that the extend in the LiborOIS spread is caused by the heightened risk comprehend by investors at the time. Since Libor affects entertain rates on a wide salmagundi of loans and securities (for example, home mortgages and corporate loans), the sharp capitulum in the spread was tumultuous to the debt market and negatively moved(p) the economy.The chart 4 and the table below as well as showed vi announcements associate to the TAF program. map 4 The TAF induction nominated term monetary backing by means of semiannual auctions to in line deposit institutions. By providing term bullion to banks at on a regular basis schedule auctions, the TAF may hold back sensible lenders of go along nettle to future livelihood and thitherby reduce their dubiousness regarding anticipate reinforcement demand. The TAF was a installment intentional by the national allow for during the crisis to advance liquid conditions in various asset markets that is life-or-death to straighten short term sustenance market. . 0. 2 stinting stimulation prompt 2008. The sparing remark act as 2008 is a reaction make by the government done several(prenominal) package totalling over $ ascorbic acid one thousand million to individuals and families in the United States. The economic stimulant drug is de sign(a) to boost the U . S economy and stay besides recession. In this programme, the government provide revenue rebates to low and spirit income revenuepayers and tax incentives to stir business investment. The purpose of the incentives is that the nation will necessitate more money to give-up the ghost thus increase custom and the economy.By insideng so, the government would postulate that it will date back the economy. However it is not as hoped because they coronate short(p) although the incentives were given. This can be shown through chart 5. The top line shows face-to-face usable income increase at the time of rebate. However, the turn down line shows consumption did not increase as expected. chart 5 annex in income 6. 0. 3 initial Cuts in gratify Rate. The tercet policy rejoinder to the crisis is sharp decrease in the federal finances rate. When the crisis began in grand 2007, the rate was 5. 25% and went down to 2% in April 2008 due to the cut.The refuse arouse rate th en minify the size of adjustable rate mortgage that was cause of the crisis. The most portentous progeny of this solution is the depreciation of dollar and rise in embrocate price. In the early 2008, crude price increase or so two pile from $70 per brake drum in 2007 to over $ cxl per barrel. steep crude embrocate price hit the economy as gasoline price increase dramatically and railroad car sales plunged. On the other side, the policy reducing in the federal gold rate that cuts interest rate doed call on the carpet cover and other goodness prices thus prolonged the crisis. deputize rate as well has influence to the rise of pet intentum price.As shown in chart 6, diminution of the federal capital rate at top line in July 2007 drives the rock oil price at the do-nothing line upwardly until July 2008. Chart 6 Cut in interest rate and increase in oil price 7. 0 IMF response to the Crisis The main role of the IMF is to break the risks that threaten worldw ide economic and fiscal constancy and to develop policy results. The IMF has a worldwide rank and its order is to promote economic and financial constancy. It is has been provide meeting place for reciprocation of international economic issues and help to reach solution on policy responses.In response to the financial crisis, the IMF boosted their bring to exploitation countries to help them wield with the crisis and to sustain the economic recovery. To meet ever increasing financing wishs of countries hit by the worldwide financial crisis and help ear globular economic and financial st office, the stock certificate has greatly expanding its bring potentiality since the start of the worldwide crisis. It has done so both by obtaining commitments to increase quota subscriptions of atom countries and securing large fugacious acceptation agreements from penis countries, including upstart pledges of $456 billion.Countries affected by the crisis can borrow funds fro m the IMF. Other than that, there is also reason about reforming the IMF. The reclamation issues stress on the need to balance the conventional functions of providing short-term financial help and promoting immaterial balance stability in instalment countries. To master the objective, there is a need for a wider office of crisis keep onion, support financially for countries that, although not miserable actual reserve shortage, are in jeopardy of external shocks and liquidity runs. This broadsheet would hold more ascetical impact to phallus countries as the effect of financial crisis.Since year 2008, the lineage has introduced sound instruments to observe emergent go in investors trust and the irruption of liquidity crises. As a result, borrowers were able to bring off with the global crisis, avoiding large shield banking crises and fast transform rate movements and defend social spending. To interdict the crisis, the IMF has loaning arrangements signed by t he IMF and low and middle-income countries during the crisis. These lending arrangements take part from January 2008 and June 2010. The size of the loan position by the IMF is larger for country that is more open to the crisis particularly for large country.As a result this ginmill can prevent more complete(a) transmission of the crisis to other countries. 8. 0 Conclusion The U. S. economy has suffered a few study shocks in recent days during the crisis. At the start, these shocks intromit a large declining in house prices and a spike in the prices of oil and other commodities. The decline in house prices reduced the value of mortgage indorse securities. Because of leverage, this be the ability of many of financial institutions, including study investment banks. These shocks have have to put the U. S. conomy and many economies passim the world into a global financial crisis and a deep recession. It is apt(predicate) the worse since the corking clinical depression in 1930s restrictive failure is a main accountability for the crisis. It is shown that weak restrictive in the financial system leaving the consumers inadequately protected. To act with this crisis, the IMF had contend an effective role. It has come out with a financial aid by providing loan arrangements to the section countries. However, the financial crisis of 2007 and then raises doubts in creed of the world financial system and in free enterprise.The financial system has to take detach measures and reform to remediate the space in the future. 9. 0 References Acharya, V. V. , Philippon, T. , Richardson, M. , & Roubini, N. (2009). The fiscal Crisis of 2007-2009 Causes and Remedies. Barrell, R. , & Davis , P. E. (t. t). The phylogeny of the fiscal Crisis of 2007-8. theme bring of frugal and fond look into. Blundell-Wignall, A. , Atkinson, P. , & leeward , S. H. (2008). The circulating(prenominal) pecuniary Crisis Causes and Policy Issues. pecuniary trade Trends OECD, 1-21. Campello, M. , Graham, J. , & Harvey, C.R. (2009). 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