Business Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Leadership - Essay Example Good communication skills includes sending the appropriate message, to the correct audience, in such a fashion that others will be inspired to listen. One expert in leadership suggests that â€Å"if you don’t believe in it, no one else will† (Forster, 2009, 323). This suggests a leader who maintains high volumes of outward self-confidence and uses an effective scan of the audience in order to choose the best methodology for getting others to believe in your own personal or business-related vision. Ralph Nader, a high-profile consumer advocate in the United States, who is actively involved in political affairs for the betterment of citizens, offers that â€Å"the function of leadership is to produce more leaders, not more followers† (Ruperalia, 2007). Having quality communication skills, especially in the business environment, will engage others to listen to new ideas and be flexible in the face of developing business situations. Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft Corporation and one of the world’s most high-profile billionaires, offers that he is â€Å"a great believer in any tool that enhances communication has profound effects in terms of how people can learn from each other† (Bagyura, 2007, 20). Gates has been actively involved in community and charity work on an international level for many years since the inception of Microsoft and uses his quality communication skills in public meetings, annual reports, and live news broadcasts.

History of Hospitality Essay Example for Free

History of Hospitality Essay Hospitality is the extension of home like services to persons other than of one’s household or immediate relative. Hospitality involves treating strangers and guests to warm welcome into strangers’ homes. Hospitality brings people who rarely know each other together. Hospitality is traced back to as early as human existence is known. The most intelligent of human evolution, the homo sapient was identified as indicating hospitality traits. The seventeenth century in the British culture had evidence of hospitality traits, (O’Connor, 2005). The face of hospitality though has changed over the centuries to what it is today. The emphasis of persons being hospitable towards fellow people has been relaxed and only a few institutions are left to practice it. Hospitality today is not much to be practiced by everyone but by a few who are deemed to naturally possess this quality as a gift. For there to be an in depth understanding of what is entailed in hospitality, a review of the ancient definition’s and motive of hospitality is necessary. This will help us determine whether the principles on which hospitality was founded have changed over time. Among the Greeks, hospitality was viewed as a sacred activity to honor their gods and thus the whole society was obliged to be hospitable (O’Gorman, 2005). Failure to extend hospitable attitudes towards guests or strangers invited the wrath of the supernatural. Greek and Roman Societies Hospitality was thought of as transferable from generation to generation. The virtue was not only a personal choice but was also applied in public affairs. Different types of guests were received at treated variously according to their status, (O’Gorman, 2005). Traders were received differently from cultural visitors. Hospitality was exercised even at national level where state or city guests were received with honour and dignity. Commercial hospitality was rare in the early Greek civilization. In the Roman culture, hospitality was expected to be an exercise of all pennons and it was more pronounced in the Greek society. Public hospitality was exercised by Rome and other countries. Hospitality is traceable even in religious writings like the Bible. Some fundamental principles are evident from the studies of early hospitality. Underlying Principles Hospitality was viewed as necessary for human existence. Because no person was immune to requiring hospitality services at some time, there was an obligation for all to be hospitable. Hospitality established and maintained relationships which cultivated togetherness. Hospitality was further viewed as an honorable tradition deserving passing from one generation to another. Being hospitable was to be practiced all through irrespective of changes in the world. Hospitality by then was stratified in that particular groups of person were accorded different treatment according to their social standing. The extent of the different groups of guests required that laws be established to govern this. This indicates that hospitality was highly valued in these early societies. There was an unwritten law that hospitality, once extended to a person, one had to respond by extending it to others. This ensured its continuity. In the ancient set up also, hospitality was used to gain honour for persons exercising it. The more a person is involved with receiving guests and strangers into their households, the more respected they became in the society. Emphasis was laid on domestic hospitality in which guests were welcomed in households. Hospitality Today The face of hospitality has evidently changed today. The society lays little emphasis in reception of visitors or strangers at large. Domestic hospitality today is a rare phenomenon. Today’s society treats strangers with suspicion and it therefore becomes harder for people to extend hospitality. With the growing security concerns, strangers are more likely to be shunned in the suspicion that they have malicious intentions. This is more so for the developed countries where homes are fenced to lock out intruders and sensors installed to man the compound. Commercialization The society today has commercialized hospitality services to the extent that it has lost its meaning. Hospitality is exercised only when the host stands to gain financially from the guest. The building of luxurious hotels across the world emphasizes this. Rarely would a sizeable town lack accommodation facilities for guests or people in transit. Without any gain from hosting these people, such hospitality centers would be inexistent. The commercialization of hospitality has further sidelined those needing the services from receiving them. Before a guest is booked into these hotels it has to be ascertained that they are able to pay accommodation fees. Guests are also required to produce many documents to identify themselves and at times, they are required to state their motives. Some guests are turned away if the hosts doubt them. The personalized sympathetic contact between a host and guest has been lost long the way (Dittmer, 1997). Suspicion Today also extension of kindness is raise suspicion. When persons become so hospitable even in the commercial facilities, the guest realizes that their hosts must be after favours. There are standard ways of showing hospitality in the commercial facilities and all workers and obliged to follow them. But when they do more than is required, guests become wary. This is in contrast with the traditional view where acts of hospitality were interpreted as well intended. Public Hospitality Public hospitality as exercised in the past was to build relationships between cities or states. The representatives of states were sent to foreign nations to foster better relations. Such persons were supposed to be received well in alien land. Failure to receive them with dignity and respect was regarded as abuse to their native lands. Today this principle is largely applied. Countries send their representatives to foreign lands to build friendships and also negotiate deals. These representatives are received in well built guest houses set apart for this very purpose. Reception of these people with great dignity is interpreted as friendliness towards countries (Hobbs, 2001). In businesses, there are established hospitality dockets which accord certain levels of treatment to their guests. A cup of tea is offered and some companies offer more. This is an extension of the past trends of building relationships thorough hospitality. A deviation from past hospitality trends lies in today’s detachment of the virtue with religion. In the past, hospitality was largely viewed as a religious obligation. With the developments in the science world, religious issues have progressively lost much meaning to some people. This removes personal obligation on individuals to be hospitable. It shows the extent to which modern society has abandoned collective responsibility to care for strangers leaving it in the hands of the commercial institutions (Hobbs, 2001). Hospitality is a virtue that every reason should exercise. The emphasis should not be resented to commercial facilities along but just as it was the practice traditionally, it is everyone’s responsibility to ensure guests and strangers are comfortable. The society today should redefine hospitality to what it used to be. Bibliography Dittmer, P. (1997) Early Development of the Hospitality Industry. Dimensions of the Hospitality Industry, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. , pp. 33-77. O’Gorman, K (2005) Modern Hospitality: Lessons from the Past. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 12 (2), pp. 141-151. Hobbs, T (2001) Hospitality in the First Testament and the ‘Teleological Fallacy’’. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 26, (1), pp. 3-30. OConnor, D (2005) Towards a new interpretation of hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17, (3), pp. 267-271.

Success of Communist Ideas in American Government Essay example -- Exp

The Success of Communist Ideas in American Government      Ã‚   Ever since the beginning of the Cold War, Americans have held the word "Communism" to have many negative connotations. Our country has been focused on preventing the spread of that evil form of government. Wars were fought in foreign lands; American lives were lost protecting the world from Communism. Many Americans would be horrified, then, to find that the righteous system of Capitalism actually incorporates many Communist ideas. In fact, many of Karl Marx's radical ideas have reached the most fundamental establishments in the United States government; the government that did everything in its power to prevent the seeds of Communism from taking root in other countries.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The government Karl Marx envisioned has never seen the light of day. The Communist governments we're all familiar with, such as the ones in China and the former USSR, never came close to achieving true Communism. They can be better described as dictatorships, rather than governments for the people. As such, the United States was correct in preventing their control over the world. However, as a result of the use of the label "Communism," many Americans have equated this noun with "dictatorship." "To be Communist is to be in favor of a totalitarian government," they say. This simple prejudice lead to the age of McCarthyism, which destroyed the lives of supporters of Marx's ideas. So has Marx's Communism survived? Then and now, several of the United States' government agencies are intrinsically Communist, taking their foundations almost directly from The Communist Manifesto.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most radic... ... best examples of communism can be found right here, in the United States.    Works Cited    Air Transportation Association - Industry Information. 21 July 2000. Air Transportation Association. http://www.air-transport.org/public/industry/16.asp    Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 13 Oct. 2000. The Federal Reserve Board. 14 Oct. 2000 http://www.federalreserve.gov/    Brief Corporate History of AT&T, A. 2000. AT&T Corp. 17 Oct. 2000. http://www.att.com/corporate/restructure/history.html    Marx, Karl. "The Communist Manifesto." A World Of Ideas. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford, 1998. 212-232.    Public Transportation Ridership Statistics Index. 17 Oct. 2000. American Public Transportation Association. 17 Oct. 2000. http://www.apta.com/stats/ridershp/index.htm

The Mind & Brain

The Mind & Brain: Are There Differences? Darreia Johnson PHI208-Ethics and Moral Reasoning Professor: Kurt Mosser February 27, 2013 The Mind & Brain: Are There Differences? This is a fascinating subject, â€Å"the mind and the brain† because these are the kind of questions philosophers work so hard to answer. Many people believe the mind and brain are the same. Mind and Brain are two terms that are understood to mean the same when used in the colloquial sense. There is certainly some difference between the two in their making.Brain is made of physical matter while mind is not made of physical matter. To be more elaborate brain is made up of cells, blood vessels and nerves to name a few. Mind is nothing but the thought that resides in the brain. Apart from thoughts, mind gives room for emotions, memories and dreams as well. I will address certain perspectives from different academic sources as well as my own concerning the mind and brain and how they work. In terms of a compute r, we can look at the brain as the hardware and the mind as the software, but it is much more complicated than that. Mind† refers to the part of you that is capable of thought. â€Å"Brain† can be a synonym for mind, and it can also refer to the physical organ within your skull. That is, the â€Å"brain† is a physical organ while â€Å"mind† is a more philosophical concept. People sometimes make a careful distinction between the two words when discussing the philosophical concept. Like, when people are debating whether there is such a thing as an immortal soul, they will say things like, â€Å"Can the mind exist without the brain? † In most day-to-day contexts, the two words are pretty much synonymous.The brain, part of the central nervous system situated within the skull. It includes two cerebral hemispheres, parallel masses of deeply furrowed tissue as well as the brainstem and cerebellum. Its functions include muscle control and coordination, sen sory reception and integration, speech production, memory storage, and the elaboration of thought and emotion. According to Susan Greenfield in an article I read, she has a different approach. She says: â€Å"There is a familiar dichotomy between mind and brain, hereas the concepts of ‘mind’ and ‘consciousness’ often are conflated: I wish to argue here that both suppositions are wrong. † We want to first explore the aspects of the mind and brain. â€Å"Where ‘brain’ obviously needs no definition, ‘mind’ presents more of a trip-wire. Normally the term is used to refer to abstract airy-fairy events that float free of the biological squalor of neuronal circuitry and chemicals. But more than rather vague mental activity, ‘mind’ is used also for personal aspects of brain function, as in ‘I don't mind’, ‘broaden the mind’, ‘make your mind up’, etc.I would venture therefore that perhaps ‘ mind’ is very close to what we might refer to as ‘ personality’, but the big difference is that personality is in the eye of a third-person beholder, whereas ‘mind’ is a first-person perspective, i. e. it is what it feels like to be you rather than what other people judge you to be. † (Greenfield, 2002) The brain, Susan suggest, is a gross aspect and can vary from one individual to another, they offer n clue as to who is kind, witty, cruel and good at cooking. Let us consider how the brain is organized. Within each macro brain region there is no single isolated complete function.We know, for example, that vision is divided up into color, motion and form processing and, in turn, the function of vision can preoccupy over 30 brain regions. Similarly, any one brain region, like the prefrontal cortex, can participate in more than one function. So brain regions are bit players on the brain stage, and not autonomous units. Within each area we know that there is complex brain circuitry, finally boiling down to the synapse, across which we find all the biochemical baggage needed to operate a system of chemical transmission: in turn, this baggage of enzymes, receptors and uptake mechanisms is the result of gene expression.Moreover, we know that in our whole body there are merely 30 000 or thereabouts genes, so that even if every single gene in the body was devoted to a synapse, one would still be out by 1010 (assuming approximately 1015 connections in the brain). So, we can no more attribute autonomous functions to the most basic level of brain function, genes, than we can to the most macro, the brain regions. In both cases there is very little room for man oeuvre and therefore it is hard to see how personalization of the brain, the mind, might develop. Greenfield, 2002) Speaking of genes, one would agree that genes play important roles in our thought process. In The Birth of the Mind: How a Tiny Number of Genes Cre ates the Complexities of Human Thought, Gary Marcus takes as his goal â€Å"not to try to prove that genes make a difference—a matter that is no longer in serious doubt—but to describe how they work and to explain, for the first time, what that means for the mind† (pp. 4–5; italics in original).He specifically disparages the popular press (and the scientists who so inform it) for announcing the discovery of a gene for this or that just as he dismisses the question â€Å"whether nurture or nature is more important† (p. 7). He understands the only meaningful answer involves their â€Å"interaction,† an understanding of which leads to the more refined and productive question, â€Å"How do genes work together with the environment to build a human mind? † (p. 8). Nothing less is at stake than the tossing out of the gene as a permanent template.Marcus's chief point, made after disposing of both the dangerously fallacious â€Å"single geneà ¢â‚¬  theory and the notion that genetic structure is â€Å"unmalleable† and therefore that behavior is foretold, is that â€Å"genes do for the brain the same things as they do for the rest of the body: They guide the fates of cells by guiding the production of proteins within those cells† (p. 86). The alert reader, now accepting the idea of the flexibility and plasticity of the genes, will want to know precisely how the external environment shapes the genes.The answer, Marcus writes, is that every genetic process is triggered by some sort of signal. From the perspective of a given cell, it doesn't matter where that signal comes from. The signal that launches the adjust-your-synapse cascade, for example, may come from within, or it may come from without. The same genes that are used to adjust synapses based on internal instruction can be reused by external instruction. Candland, 2004) It goes on to say how genes shape our behavior, I also agree with Candland’s perspective on the issue. I think that although the mind and brain often are seen as one, that they are two different entities within the same host. I was reading an article earlier that said: we can study the brain but not the mind. I disagree with that article because that is what makes it so complex, we can hold the brain in our hands but not the mind. I think the mind is measured on different levels but studied as well.Psychiatrist, philosophers, and the field of medicine, just to mention a few, study the mind every day. They are able to draw the line between sane and insane, according to our text; Philosophy, A Conscious Decision, talks about the extreme skeptic as Descartes seems to have constructed a skepticism so powerful that it calls into question anything we have ever been certain of: that we have bodies, that there are other people around us, that we're awake when we think we are, and even that 2 + 2 = 4.Most important, for epistemology, is that Descartes transforms the discussion into one of doubt about what we call the external world: the world of objects that are outside of our mind, including the ordinary objects, such as tables and chairs, about which we make our most confident knowledge claims. (Mosser, 2010) This is an example how powerful and complex the mind is. Another way of learning how our minds work is to understand the brain systems that would produce mental representations with the properties just described.For this purpose, he introduces the principle of learning by prediction and links it to Bayesian decision theory. He argues that many of the cognitive phenomena considered can be explained if it is assumed that the brain operates as an ideal Bayesian observer. This conceptualization directly builds on the notion that perception and action are proactive processes and involve the generation of mental models. The models generated by the brains are continuously tested against reality and adapted using sensory signals and prediction errors, which are computed based on probabilistic knowledge derived from past experiences.When facing a tall animate object in a streetcar, for example, probabilistic information about the likelihood of encountering a human being versus a gorilla plays a critical role in the perceptual processes that allow for object recognition. In motor control, probabilistic knowledge (e. g. , a filled backpack typically weighs x) is combined with sensory feedback to support the optimal selection and online correction of movement when pursuing an intention (e. g. , to pick up the backpack). (Kohler, 2008)In contrast to the above theory, it is said modern belief that the mind is the same thing as the brain, and therefore consists of genetic and chemical processes. Contrary to this notion is the more common sense view that our minds are made up of experiences in the world and with others, and while the brain may be the material home of the mind, it is not the mind itself. Professor Kando begins wit h a refutation of materialistic reductionism and positivism, and then builds on the work of William James, George Herbert Mead, and Joel Charon to make the case that the mind is a product of learning and not the same thing as the brain. Kando, 2008) The mind and brain are also associated with personality disorders. In this context the use of the words â€Å"mind† and â€Å"brain† in psychiatry is often associated with a set of polarities. Concepts such as environment, psychosocial, and psychotherapy are linked with â€Å"mind,† while genes, biology, and medication are often associated with â€Å"brain. † The author examines these dichotomies as they apply to personality disorders. Method: Research on antisocial and borderline personality disorders that is relevant to these dichotomies is evaluated.The implications of the findings for the understanding of pathogenesis and treatment are reconsidered. Results: In the clinical setting, it is problematic to lu mp together terms such as â€Å"genes,† â€Å"brain,† and â€Å"biological† as though they are separate and distinct from terms such as â€Å"environment,† â€Å"mind,† and â€Å"psychosocial. † These dichotomies are problematic, because genes and environment are inextricably intertwined in the pathogenesis of personality disorders, psychosocial experiences may result in permanent changes in the brain, and psychotherapy may have its effect by altering brain structure and function.The â€Å"theory of mind† is a useful construct for bridging â€Å"mind† and â€Å"brain† in the treatment of personality disorders. Conclusions: Severe personality disorders are best understood and treated without â€Å"either-or† dichotomies of brain and mind. Each domain has a different language, however, and the language of the mind is necessary to help the patient develop a theory of mind. (Gabbard, 2005) In conclusion, it could be n ecessary to associate the mind with the brain, but this is a complex issue because without the brain the mind cannot exist.However the mind and brain are very different. Theo Clark says, Scientific knowledge suggests that the world is inanimate, purposeless, made up of material things which operate on a cause and effect basis; yet the mental world seems to involve consciousness, planning, desire etc. It would seem paradoxical that one world is the product of another. Yet this is the conclusion we are faced with if we are to make any sense of the evidence at hand and resolve one of the major questions of all time. Do the electronic processes of the brain ‘create' or ‘give rise to' the mind; or is it that the electronic processes Are the mind? † The ratiocination of this question is essentially philosophical, but by necessity, it is grounded in the world of empirical science. (Clark, 2008) There are two vantages from which one can study the mind. The first-person acc ount (â€Å"I seered†) and the third-person (â€Å"He says he sees red when certain pathways in his brain encounter a wavelength of six hundred nanometers†).This can be broadly labeled as ‘Introspectionism' and ‘Behaviourism' respectively. As one cannot directly see into another's head, methodological problems arise using Introspectionist techniques, a result of which can be seen in the foibles of much introspective psychology (such as Freudianism). Behaviourism holds that any mental events are outside the realm of empirical science; ergo, it is now the brain which is the focus, as opposed to the mind. (Clark, 2008) References Candland, D. K. (2004). ‘What Is Mind? No Matter. What Is Matter? Never Mind. Mind Is Matter: Psychology Better Mind. Psyccritiques, 49(Suppl 2), doi:10. 1037/040007 Clark, T. (2008) â€Å"Is there and Difference between the Mind and the Brain? Research, Science http://www. scribd. com/doc/2451851/Is-There-a-Difference-Between- the-Mind-and-Brain. Gabbard, G. O. (2005). Mind, brain, and personality disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(4), 648-55. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/220501257? accountid=32521 Greenfield, S. (2002). Mind, Brain and Consciousness. The British Journal of Psychiatry,

Explaining legal and ethical tensions between maintaining confidentiality and sharing information

Explain how to support effective communication within your own job role. Communication is constantly happening within the day care center and in my job role I have a responsibility to communicate with staff, service users and other professionals. I use various forms of communication but I also seek to make sure that it is understood. Communication has got to be understood before it can be effective and so I try to ensure comprehension when I am verbally speaking by getting staff to repeat what I have asked them to do. I also write simply worded memos and emails to ensure ease of comprehension.When communicating with other professionals I speak clearly and seek affirmation when organizing meetings or planning events. I also seek to write in a legible manner if writing to professionals. Each service user has a communication book for reporting and informing families and carers of activities on a daily basis, these are written in a legible way also. Primarily when communicating with each individual service user I seek to communicate in an understandable way and at a level each individual will understand. The methods I employ are verbal, pictorial, object-based, physical prompts and signing.Analyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role. Propose improvements to communication systems and practices to address any shortcomings. Lead the implementation of revised communication systems and practices. Barrier/Challenge. Explaination. How could it be improved? How have I improved it Deafness? Some of our service users have hearing loss and on occasions forget to bring their hearing aids to day care. This presents a severe communication challenge and barrier on these occasions.Bring hearing aid in daily. I have written a request in service user’s communication book requesting that hearing aids are sent in daily and suggesting that a spare is obtained in the event that his current hearing aid is broken. Visual impairments mean that visual cue s and prompts are meaningless and this includes signing. Glasses could be worn. I have requested that service users wear their glasses to aid with communication. I have adapted general approach to service users to compensate for blindness. No Speech/Speech Impediments. Some of our service users have poor speech or no speech at all. With these service users an alternative form of communication is required or an ability to listen  intently and comprehend what they are saying. Picture/objects of reference.A jotter and pen to spell difficult words.For some of our service users I have drawn together objects and photographs of reference and each one acts as a word of vocabulary and provides an ability to communicate effectively. For one of my service users I have encouraged him to spell out difficult words to understand. Comprehension. Some of our service users have profound learning disabilities and their level of comprehension and understanding is very limited, however they communicat e constantly.Alternative methods could be sought.One individual has been taught to â€Å"eye-point† at what she wants. Another gets quite restless and verbal when he is upset and smiles and giggles when happy. Staff have been informed of how this service user communicates. Time Another challenge to effective communication in the day care center is time. We are all busy and we don’t always have the time to listen and to communicate the way we should.Better time management.Managing our workload allows us to take time with our service users. However on many occasions there is no solution as we are all busy and things need to be completed. Noise. One of the biggest preventatives and barriers to effective communication is noise. Is the music too loud? Is the television on? Is there too many people in the room talking? Turn music/TV volume down, close doors, ensure staff have a relevant reason for being in the day care room.I have ensured volume of music etc. is at an accept able level.I have told staff to leave the day care room or to stop talking so loudly to enable the preservation of an environment conducive to effective communication. Distance. When communicating with service users or staff members at the other side of the room or down the corridor distance and space apart can become a barrier and a challenge to effective communication. Go to the individual you are communicating with. Although it is not always possible it is advisable to go to the individual and I seek to do this as much as possible. Computer System/E-mail. When sending or receiving e-mails it is necessary to have access to a working computer which is ‘online’.Have various ‘backups’ when communicating via email. I have sent emails and to ensure that the information has been forwarded I have  sent hard copies too.

3 Ways to Make Sentences More Concise

3 Ways to Make Sentences More Concise 3 Ways to Make Sentences More Concise 3 Ways to Make Sentences More Concise By Mark Nichol Sentences need not be pared down to essentials- the challenge is to make them as coherent as possible, not as concise as possible- but careful writers will craft and revise their writing in part by minimizing the number of words necessary to convey their thoughts. Three simple strategies are demonstrated in discussions of and revisions to the following examples of sentences that can and should be improved. 1. The board needs to be assured that management has not allowed overconfidence to be bred by past successes. Make the sentence active. Two of the three nouns in this sentence are active rather than passive, but successes can be an actor, too: â€Å"The board needs to be assured that management has not allowed past successes to breed overconfidence.† 2. The hot spots described below are areas in which providers are commonly at risk for losing revenue. They include patient access, utilization review, charge capture, and billing and payment accuracy. Fold one sentence into another. When a subsequent sentence provides details pertaining to a previous sentence, that sentence, if brief and simple enough, can often be embedded seamlessly in the first sentence as a parenthetical: â€Å"The hot spots described below- patient access, utilization review, charge capture, and billing and payment accuracy- are areas in which providers are commonly at risk for losing revenue.† 3. Scalability also considers the robustness of the processes and controls, and whether they are automated or not. Omit nonessential words. In this context, â€Å"or not† is extraneous; whether, in and of itself, suggests a binary choice: â€Å"Scalability also considers the robustness of the processes and controls and whether they are automated.† (â€Å"Or not† is sometimes a necessary companion of whether: The test is that if regardless can replace whether, the entire phrase is required.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowDawned vs. DonnedOppose and Opposed To

Aunt Connie Cookie Simulation Essay Example

Aunt Connie Cookie Simulation Essay Example Aunt Connie Cookie Simulation Paper Aunt Connie Cookie Simulation Paper In 1986, Aunt Connie was asked to make some cookies for an annual fundraiser. They were willing to pay $50 for 500 cookies instead Aunt Connie offered them 600 cookies for $55. She realized she would be spending $35 on ingredients for making 600 cookies and for 300 cookies it would cost her $10 to bake so it would be $20 regardless 300 or 600 cookies. By charging an extra $5, she would cover her cost and give the club more cookies. This showed people that she had a sense for business. Today Maria Villanueva, the grandniece of Connie, is the CEO of the company and her goal for Aunt Connieâ„ ¢s Cookies is to increase profit and she needs to determine the best way to make this happen. Maria is responsible to decide how money will be spent to make Aunt Connies Cookies succeed without going into debt. First Maria will look at how the price increase for lemon creme and real mint cookies in the last few months has decreased its volume. So Maria needs to maximize her contribution margin and operating profits and she has two choices. Usually when a price reduction occurs, demand will increase so she could revise the unit prices on both the cookies or reach out to more retailers by increasing ad expenses by half on both cookies. Maria must determine how each type of cost effects changes. The advertising expense is a fixed cost that will not change even when the quantity of cookies produced varies. Looking at the cost of ingredients needed to produce the cookies it is a variable cost. These costs will rise as the number of cookies produced increases. The correlation between costs, volume, and the impact on profit of these choices is seen in the contribution margin during the simulation. Maria can use the cost accounting system to help determine the most profitable price point for cookies by evaluating the cost volume profit relationship. ?   Maria wanted to reduce the price of lemon cremes and mint cookies to increase volumes. Maria increases fixed costs through increased advertising. She also decides to increase the margin to the distributors to help increase volumes. ?  Her decision that she made helped increase her sales and profit. Maria was then faced with an offer for a bulk order from a client who wanted to buy a million packs of real mint cookies at $1.20 a pack or nothing. If Maria accepts the order, this will reduce her current volumes being produced in the market and rejecting the order could mean under utilization of capacity. She decided to accept the bulk order by reducing the current production volumes for both cookies. When one is trying to maximize operating profits, it is better to produce more of the product that has a greater contribution margin per unit; in this case it was the lemon creme cookies. The next decision that Maria had to face was a competitorâ„ ¢s peanut butter cookie manufacturing unit was up for sale. The competitorâ„ ¢s owner gave two options to Maria, first she could buy the unit and use the capacity to make lemon creme cookies or buy the unit and continue to make peanut butter cookies. Maria decided to buy the unit and use the capacity to make lemon cremes and manufacture 600,000 packs seeing the breakeven point is 563,000 resulting in operating profits from the new unit. With the holidays just around the corner, the bakers wanted to come out with a special cookie called the Chocorones. Maria needs to decide to up her labor force or her equipment. She decided to update her labor force seeing this is a seasonal cookie and it is more a less an indifference point between the two. By making the right decisions, Maria has increased her profits and acquired an extra business unit helping her use the capacity to make her cookies. She will continue to carry out her Aunt Connieâ„ ¢s legacy and make profit at the same time.

Factors that determine your success as a kid

Factors that determine your success as a kid 13 Things You Need to Be A Successful Kid! Want to be successful and trying to determine some dependencies, which can make you such a person? Or are you a loving parent and want to make everything possible to bring up a prosperous person? Scientists have made thousands of investigations, directed on the examination of parent and children relations, behavior patterns and other facts. There is no doubt that parents and family environment are the determinants for kid’s further life. Children are absorbing all behavior and emotional patterns, so they are like a mirror of their parents. The scientists prove that even small habits and parent’s actions matter for kid’s success. So the most common things, which are characteristic for successful kids are: Doing chores Scientists prove that children, who are made to do chores, are more organized and disciplined. These children are more successful at school than the kids, who do not perform some kind of household duties. When a kid understands that he/she has the range of certain responsibilities, it is easier for them to adapt for educational or real life environment. Sufficient social skills As follows from the scientific research, one more success factor for kids is represented by the social skills, which they have developed due to their parents. If parents have active social positions and have quite a big circle of contacts, their children have all chances to develop their social skills and have more effective results in the communication. Parents with high expectations If parents feel reliance upon their children and plan their college education or carrier, this will motivate their children. In such a way kids make more efforts and feel more responsibility. Indifferent and not caring parents usually have less successful children with poor number of achievements. Healthy relations with parents When parents and children are friends, children have fewer reasons for deviant behavior.   Healthy relations with parents make children happier and more capable to cope with different situations, always feeling the support of their relatives. Parents with higher educational degree If parents have completed education in higher institution, their kids are more likely to do the same. And higher educational degree correspondingly means more chances for success in professional sphere. Scientists assure that the percentage of successful kids with certified parents is distinctively higher. Learning math from early on It was noticed by the meta-analysts, that children, who have background knowledge of numbers and their order, have better study results further. Besides, kids gain high achievements not only in math, but in other subjects and gain reading and writing skills faster. Warm and developed relationships with parents Thus, relationships with parents are the determinative factors for kids’ lives. That is great when kids ask advices, share their problems and have trust-based communication with their parents. Such kind of relations gives confidence and provides a moral support. Less stress The emotional state of parents is absorbed by their kids. So when parents have less stress situations, it is reflected positively on their children. Less stress gives more emotional strength and effectiveness by reaching different goals within the kid’s life. Effort to avoid failure When kids strive to avoid any sort of failures, using their abilities or making efforts to develop new ones, it is great if parents appreciate this. In such a way their parents create an image of persons who achieve success, no matter what failures and misfortunes are on their paths during lives. Working mom If a child has a mom who spends much time working and earning money he or she generates an example of the person who knows the value of a labor. Also such life conditions provide more time for children to develop independence and more â€Å"adultery† view on life from an early age. Higher socioeconomic status No wonder that the higher socioeconomic status of a person is, the more abilities for his or her children are accessible and there are more ways in life to follow. It is sad that people possess different socioeconomic statuses, but anyway, for those who set their goals and try to realize them, there exist no obstacles that can stop them. Authoritative parents Authoritativeness is best for the children bringing-up process. In such a way they learn from their closest people how to behave in a correct way without letting others do inappropriate things and perform not strict, but right control. Learning ‘grit’ â€Å"Grit† is the ability to achieve the goal on long-lasting terms, and if the children possess such a quality, they can more easily and possibly reach their goals, that they set for themselves. This feature is essential for those who want to bring their dreams into reality, no matter what.

Manage Your Health Inc - Work Breakdown Structure Case Study

Manage Your Health Inc - Work Breakdown Structure - Case Study Example This is a project that aims at applying various concepts that one has learned in the course of study. I have considered various, several methods when selecting this project to ensure that it is sufficient and reliable. One criterion that has enabled led to a selection of this project is the financial analysis of various projects. One must consider the one that is most beneficial and valuable. Project scope management has also been tremendously useful in its development. The weighted scoring model presents the weighted scores that each project earns when implemented using various different criteria. There are several criteria Manage Your Health can use in implementation and running of the projects. The company has emerged with the desired results by adopting the average weighted score that each project makes by taking the average score. This will ensure that the company adopts a reasonable project that will derive high benefits for the company. Analysis of this project clearly indicates that the company can reduce its operating costs, increase its cross-selling of product, and advance new web-based technologies. The project is, therefore, viable to implement since it will ensure that the organization derives reasonable benefits from it. The company can achieve this with the introduction of this project that will ensure that it will improve its interaction with customers and employees and thus achieve exemplary results. The project demands cooperation from workers and administration for it to be successful. Health Coverage Costs Business Model project emerges as the best project that the management should consider implementing. This is because it registers the highest weighted project score of 76.1. The project, therefore, emerges as the best the company should consider implementing to ensure that the organization meets the given targets. Despite the efforts of the company in changing insurance carriers several times, health care premiums continue to increase.     

Tell It To Women Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tell It To Women - Term Paper Example of this is witnessed with a background chorus and voices of women who perpetuate a deeply mystifying songs and motions that creates a colorful fluidity (Onwueme 128). The story is formatted in form of a play that follows a dialogue thereby allowing the growth and development of character in a vibrant and prominent manner through murmur and mute. The play is actually a lush in dichotomies. It presents of rural polarization against urban background that shares both negative and positive prejudice. Main characters are from both the urban and rural backgrounds that are presented by different cultures and buildings and structures connecting these lands. Symbolically, the rural areas or towns represent North America while the rural areas are symbolic Africa. There prejudice that lies in the story is that the North America or the Eurocentric culture is superior; therefore, the rural culture or Africa is deemed inferior (Onwueme, â€Å"What Mama Said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  21). Apparently, the stigmas in the rural areas affect inhabitants negatively. For instance, the lives of Ruth and Daisy advocate some balance that fulfills lives of the rural women. The perseverance reveals independent and collective identity that aims at breaking that daunting traditional forces transcending to modernity (Onwueme 157). However, this is not an indicatio n that the tradition is superior or inferior to the modernity but it reveals that certain aspects of modernity need to be incorporated into entire tradition or the rural lifestyle. Another major ideal presented in the story is the polarity between women and men. The rural women are represented to inhibit fundamental knowledge that they present through the power of their voices. For instance, Daisy and Ruth are initially introduced as strong women, but with difference in expertise. This practically revealed when they interact with the urban visitor, Yemoja. Daisy revert prejudice towards Yemoja whereby he strips her from the power of voice by silencing

Kush dynasty before the 1600 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kush dynasty before the 1600 - Research Paper Example (Mazour, 1993). Though the Kush Dynasty was a separate entity, they were more interested in the Egyptian culture. The major reason behind the invasion of Egypt was Kush Dynasty’s alliance with the Hyskos. During this period, they captured every part of Egypt and at last the entire country came under their control. (Redford, 2006). Kerma was the first place to be captured by the Kingdom of Kush and this was the initial stage of the invasion into Europe. Soon after this, the entire Egypt came under their control. (Torok, 1997). Even though the Egyptian people strived hard to retain their old ruling regimen, they could not succeed. But this did not last for a longer time, since the reunion of the entire country ended up in the eradication of the Kingdom of Kush. (Welsby, 1998). Soon after this, the Kush Dynasty took over Nubia and later on Egypt fell as the prey to Kush Dynasty once again. The Kush kings dominated the country right from the initial parts of Nile, till the Mediterranean coast. This period is often referred to as the Black Period of

Women in Hunting and Gathering Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women in Hunting and Gathering Period - Essay Example Thus while the men are engaged in productive labor, the women are engaged in unproductive household work that does not command the same amount of respect. Traditionally, the role of an individual in society has been defined and characterized by the person’s contribution to home and society in monetary terms. Being tied down by the responsibility of childbearing, women in traditional, patriarchal societies have been viewed as an inferior race. Women have been confined to homes due to their traditional roles of cooking, cleaning and child rearing. However, a study of Paleolithic and Neolithic times has proved that this was not always the case. In the hunting and gathering societies, it has been noticed that women had a greater role in gathering food around their homes. Wermuth et al have defined womens economic power as being shaped by womens level of control over surplus and the relative importance of what they produce. They have also quoted womens economic control as being influenced by importance of womens labor, organization of labor and the gender ratio in the population. Wermuth et al have also referred to hunting and gathering societies as small bands of loosely associated families with low surplus and low inequality. Men have little power over women in these societies. Mutual cooperation is necessary for survival, and the division of labor between men and women is functionally and materially based. Despite their hunting role, men often interact closely with women and even with small children. Draper, Professor of Anthropology at Harvard observes that in the hunting and gathering society, women are more independent and powerful. They are not considered as subordinate to men and generally both the genders enjoy an equal status. As women in such societies contribute to gathering food for the families’ subsistence, they have greater control over the food (produce in this case) and enjoy an equal

Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Budgeting - Essay Example Initially, traditional budgeting acted as the only alternative for budgeting. But, in the recent phenomenon, budgeting has come up with several alternatives. It can be affirmed in this regard that traditional budgeting is often criticized as sufficient enough to support global companies in attaining their desired targets. In this regard, several budgeting processes, with new innovative ideas and broader perspectives, have been developed in order to deal with the changing business scenario (Finkler & et. al., 2008). With this concern, this paper intends to explain the problems along with the weaknesses of traditional budgeting and identifying possible strategies to overcome those problems or weaknesses. Moreover, the discussion in this paper would also emphasize the benefits that an organization can anticipate while making changes in the traditional budgeting procedure, applying the concept of ‘Beyond Budgeting’. A Brief Overview of Budgeting Budgeting is regarded as a pr ocess of making a financial plan, wherein efforts are made by the accountants or the business owners to meet the strategic goals of the organization facing minimum or no hindrances in terms of financial resource scarcity or misuse of financial resources. ... It has often been praised as a strategic tool that can broadly enhance the interrelation between the units and the departments to work together efficiently, which in turn reduces the chances of failure in sharing critical information. Budgeting process acts as a motivational aspect that again helps the managers as well as the employees to work more productively making better use of the resources available. It can be apparently viewed that most of the companies follow previous year budget plan in order to acquire a brief idea about how well they had performed and forecast a plan to overcome deficiencies in the upcoming future. This further advocates that the budgeting process needs to be formalized and quantified (Fontinelle, 2013). Failure in making proper budgeting will eventually lead towards the wastage of organizations’ scarce resources, time and manpower among others. The goals that are set by the budgeting process should therefore be realistic and idealistic in nature, t o assure greater benefits of the budget planning (Donovan, 2005). In this regard, several large scale companies may hire accountants or other professionals in order to outline the business budget, while in relation to the case of small companies, it is the owners or the officials belonging to the top management team, who are responsible for preparing budget plans (Donovan, 2005; Wallander, 1999). Problems and Weaknesses of Traditional Budgeting Cautiously planned approaches and continuous reviews of finances are few of the key concerns required to be followed in order to run a business. Budgeting, along with forecasting of financial statements, as included in the paradigm of accounting, play an imperative role in managing financial information in accordance with the

Miracles week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Miracles week 3 - Essay Example He works through Noah whom he instructs to construct an ark that He would use to save only eight righteous people (Genesis Chapters 7 and 8). The miraculous saving of Noah and his family is extraordinary and it portrays God’s supreme authority. In a similar manner, God also appears to Moses in the form of a bush in flames. The bush was not consumed at all by the fire (Exodus chapter 3). Cognizably, this is an extraordinary happening as it defies the laws of nature. That way, God demonstrated that He is above nature and human understanding. Moving on to the New Testament, Jesus raises Lazarus from death was miraculous (John chapter 11). When Jesus died, He also resurrects (Luke chapter 24). Reviewing these two events, it is observable that life is eternal and that God is life. In our contemporary society, if one performs such a miracle, the power may be attributed to the person rather than to God. The truth is that one can perform miracles through supernatural powers alone. During the call of disciples, Jesus performs a miraculous catch of fish (Luke chapters 4 and 5). That makes Peter recognize Jesus as the Son of God since he knows that only God performs miracles for the good of the people (Elwell, 1996). From this, it is observable that miracles are limitless. In conclusion, the Biblical concept of a miracle explains that God is Almighty, all-knowing and present everywhere. He manifests His power through people. When one performs miracles consistently for the good of the people, it is a revelation that the person is a true messenger of God. Elwell, W.A. (1996) â€Å"Miracles†: Bakers Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Edited by Study Tools 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2015 from

Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Budgeting - Essay Example Initially, traditional budgeting acted as the only alternative for budgeting. But, in the recent phenomenon, budgeting has come up with several alternatives. It can be affirmed in this regard that traditional budgeting is often criticized as sufficient enough to support global companies in attaining their desired targets. In this regard, several budgeting processes, with new innovative ideas and broader perspectives, have been developed in order to deal with the changing business scenario (Finkler & et. al., 2008). With this concern, this paper intends to explain the problems along with the weaknesses of traditional budgeting and identifying possible strategies to overcome those problems or weaknesses. Moreover, the discussion in this paper would also emphasize the benefits that an organization can anticipate while making changes in the traditional budgeting procedure, applying the concept of ‘Beyond Budgeting’. A Brief Overview of Budgeting Budgeting is regarded as a pr ocess of making a financial plan, wherein efforts are made by the accountants or the business owners to meet the strategic goals of the organization facing minimum or no hindrances in terms of financial resource scarcity or misuse of financial resources. ... It has often been praised as a strategic tool that can broadly enhance the interrelation between the units and the departments to work together efficiently, which in turn reduces the chances of failure in sharing critical information. Budgeting process acts as a motivational aspect that again helps the managers as well as the employees to work more productively making better use of the resources available. It can be apparently viewed that most of the companies follow previous year budget plan in order to acquire a brief idea about how well they had performed and forecast a plan to overcome deficiencies in the upcoming future. This further advocates that the budgeting process needs to be formalized and quantified (Fontinelle, 2013). Failure in making proper budgeting will eventually lead towards the wastage of organizations’ scarce resources, time and manpower among others. The goals that are set by the budgeting process should therefore be realistic and idealistic in nature, t o assure greater benefits of the budget planning (Donovan, 2005). In this regard, several large scale companies may hire accountants or other professionals in order to outline the business budget, while in relation to the case of small companies, it is the owners or the officials belonging to the top management team, who are responsible for preparing budget plans (Donovan, 2005; Wallander, 1999). Problems and Weaknesses of Traditional Budgeting Cautiously planned approaches and continuous reviews of finances are few of the key concerns required to be followed in order to run a business. Budgeting, along with forecasting of financial statements, as included in the paradigm of accounting, play an imperative role in managing financial information in accordance with the

At the end of the day, marketing communication does not deliver Essay - 1

At the end of the day, marketing communication does not deliver adverts, or direct mail pieces, or PR and corporate identity programs. We deliver results Discuss what you think is meant by this statement - Essay Example Those involved in marketing focus on catching consumers’ attention through catchy slogans, media exposure, redesigning packages and endorsements from celebrities. Marketing includes what is known as the four â€Å"Ps† which are product, people, place and promotion (Kerin, 2012). A result oriented business knows very well that it cannot afford to play around with marketing communication. Marketing communication is a fundamental part of any businesses marketing department. As a key element, communication plays a major part in marketing, as a process it uses words, signs, sounds, images, and behaviors to express ideas, feelings or even thoughts to a recipient. In short, it is conveying information to a recipient with an expectation of a feedback. With that knowledge, marketing communication simply put is the deployment of every media to convey a message to the market. It covers advertisements, branding, printing materials, direct marketing, packaging, online presence, sales presentations, PR activities, sponsorships and many more (MaRS, 2012). In as much as marketing communication has a hand in these activities, its main goal is to deliver results in the form of brand loyalty. Marketing communication is geared towards two major objectives; create a sustainable demand for the product (brand loyalty) and to make the sale cycle shorter (Marsdd.com 2012). Preference creation is often a long term objective as it is aimed at using tools of communication to place the company or product in the mind of the customers targeted. To place or position a product and build a brand is not an overnight adventure, but requires consistency and time in communication, product, pricing and distribution to show degree of commitment by the company. When preference is done through building brands, it helps impact the market share, access to talent and profitability as a means for company’s’ long term value provision. Communication through

Islamic Commodity Market Essay Example for Free

Islamic Commodity Market Essay 1.0. Introduction The operations in the general business environment are very dynamic by nature. There is no doubt that the financial markets as well as the commodity markets need to structure their business operations, so as to meet the changing business environment demands as well as the expectations (United States. Congress. Senate. 2004). The main challenge for the main market players is to consistently be at pace with the business environment developments, so as to have in place effective as well as timely establishments of operation standards and regulations. A number of international initiatives have focused on the state of operations of the commodity market in the Islamic market. This has been done so as to establish standards as well as benchmarks, which are set to strengthen the world commodity market. The research study intends to contribute to the need for establishing a regulator commodity market, especially in the Saudi Arabia financial market (The Economist 2006). The Islamic commodity market is one of the major aspects in the world commodity market, which has achieved tremendous growth in the recent past. This is to the extent of being a substantial component within the global commodity market, and has thus gained a lot of interest as the crucial component of the world financial market (Europa Publications Staff, 2002). The increasing demands as well as awareness for establishing investment portfolios to be in line with the shariah principles at the global market, have acted as stimulators towards establishing the Islamic commodity market as the world’s most attractive industry. This is an indicator of the growth of the wealth base as well as the potential of the investors, who could either be Muslim or non Muslim, to find ways and invest in commodities which meet their needs and expectations (El-Gamal, 2006). Research questions The research questions to be answered in this research study provide a basis, for establishing the importance of establishing a form of regulator commodity market in the financial market of Saudi Arabia. The aspect which is being focused on in this research study is the reasons as to why a regulator form of commodity market should be established, especially in Saudi Arabia. The research questions will therefore act as a guide to activities of the research study (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Core research question The main aim of the research study is to assess the need for establishing a regulator form of commodity market in the land of Saudi Arabia, and the effects on the business transactions which take place in the Islamic market (Henry and Wilson, 2004). The other research questions that need to be covered in this research study include: 1. What are some of the factors which influence the conduction of business transactions in the Islamic market? 2. What are the likely effects of establishing a regulator form of commodity market in the .land of Saudi Arabia? 3. Who are the major players in the Islamic market and what role do they play in the business transactions? 4. To what extent are the major players likely to influence the operations of the Islamic commodity market? 5. What potential effects does regulation of the Islamic commodity market have on the Islamic finance and the general business transactions? Research objectives The main intention of this research study is to establish, the importance of establishing a regulator in the Islamic commodity market especially in the suggested location Saudi Arabia. The importance of the regulator is assessed in terms of the effects to the Islamic financial market, as well as the general business transactions. The research study is intended at providing a sound bases upon which conclusive research findings can be made, as to the need for regulating the commodities market. Both the secondary and primary data will be analysed to assess the current state of operations of the Islamic commodities market, and the need for a regulator. Therefore, data will highlight the importance of establishing the current state of operations in the Islamic commodity market, and finally, for the research study to meet its intended research objectives (Taylor Francis Group and Dean, 2004). 2.0 Literature review Islamic commodity market The establishment of a distinct Islamic commodity market, whereby a number of investments as well as financing activities are established in accordance to the requirements of the Shariah principles, can be described as the outcome of the continued growth of the Islamic financial sector. There have been demands to address the issues of liquidity of the Islamic banks like Altauaruq and Almurabha among others, as well as the takaful operators in the various Islamic countries. There have also been efforts to establish a regulatory framework for the Islamic commodity market, and make clear the Shariah principles on the commodities which should are allowed to be involved in the business transactions at the commodity market (Davis and Azizian, 2006). In general, the Shariah principles that govern the conduction of business transactions at the commodities market states that the non legal transactions are those activities, which involves the use of interest and the commodities that have a certain level of uncertainties attached to them. Gambling is also prohibited as well as food and drinks among many other immoral activities (International Monetary Fund, 2006). Regulatory framework In the commodities market, an effective legal and supervisory as well as a regulatory framework establishes the essential ground for the operations of a modern commodity market. For the dynamic market like the Islamic commodity market, it is crucial that a conducive form of regulatory framework be established. This is to appropriately control the activities of the Islamic commodity market. A number of participants are allowed to address, any of the influences which affect the effective business operations of the market, as well as the innovations or even hinder the participation in the Islamic commodities market (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Considering the levels and number of business activities being carried out at this market, an analysis is being made to determine the need for having a regulator in place within this conventional market. The first hypothesis which can be established in this research study is whether, the establishment of the Islamic commodity market will make any positive influence on the levels of Islamic finance, as the other regulatory frameworks have managed to influence the other Islamic finance markets (Fadzli, 2003). To that extent, the second hypothesis is to assess the extent to which, the regulator of the Islamic commodity market will not make any improvements. Considering that the operations at the Islamic commodities market involve both legal and non legal business transactions, the third hypothesis is made in relation to whether the establishment of the regulator will cut down the levels of occurrence of the illegal business transactions. The fourth hypothesis in that respect is that, th e establishment of the regulator will not cut down the level of the illegal business transactions at the Islamic commodity market. By justifying the above mentioned hypotheses, the research study will have established the importance of having a regulator in the Islamic commodity market, and in this case the proposed regulator is Saudi Arabia (Al-Rifai, 2003). 3.0 Research design and methodology To establish the need for having a regulator Islamic commodity market, especially in the land of Saudi Arabia, the research sample for this research study will be administered with questionnaires. The targeted respondents are the to the top management officers of the major commodity markets and financial institutions in the Islamic commodity market. The sample population shall be 50 companies in the Islamic commodity market. The sample population has been chosen so as to avoid the feasibility problems, associated with the research studies. Qualitative as well as quantitative data will be collected. Quantitative data shall be collected from the primary sources, which shall be analysed by the use of statistical techniques, compiled and presented using tools like graphs and charts among other techniques. Qualitative data shall be collected by the use of open ended questions in the questionnaires, which will be subjective in nature as they will represent the personal opinions of the targ eted respondents. The qualitative data will support the quantitative data, in areas where the quantitative data will be having deviations from the factors under consideration (Al-Rifai, 2003). The survey questionnaires shall be administered, considering the fact that they are easy and simple to use on the part of the researcher and the respondents. The research objectives and questions shall all be encompassed in the information in the research questionnaires. The qualitative approach will involve the answering of questions which relate to the nature of operations of the commodity market markets, with the intention of establishing the need for having a regulator in the commodity market. Thus the survey study has the potential of highlighting the operations of the commodity market, and the mechanisms involved which demands for regulatory measures to be carried out (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Resources In order to meet the identified research questions and objectives, the researcher will use the relevant literature resources. These sources will include books, Journals and the other relevant publications in the areas of Islamic commodity market and regulations. The knowledge as well as the research information which will be encompassed and assessed for validity of the research findings, will include resources from online libraries like EBSCO, Amazon, Blackwell publications, the emerald journals and the other sources like Questia (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Access to the study population One of the challenges that the researcher anticipates to encounter in carrying out the research study is the accessing the targeted respondents. So as to meet this challenge, the below strategies have been devised, so as to have access to the respondents to obtain the crucial information for the research study. The researcher will obtain permission letters, which will be approved by the research department at the university. This letters will then be supplied to the top management officers seeking for permission to include them in the research study, and to use their companies as a sample of the research population. In addition to that, the researcher will assure the respondents that the information obtained from the research study shall be used for academic purposes only, and not for any other purposes unless permission is sought from them (Al-Rifai, 2003).

Disposable Containers for a Disposable Environment :: Expository Exemplification Essays

Disposable Containers for a Disposable Society As society goes through its day-to-day activities, it consumes an enormous amount of liquids. Of course, those liquids are packaged in various types of apparatuses, many of which are disposable. But disposable to whom? "Out of sight-out of mind," maybe? Granted, disposable and throwaway containers are a convenience for the moment, but they are rapidly becoming a devastating eye sore. Disposable bottles and cans invite enormous hazards to the environment. Disposable containers create unsightly neighborhoods and countryside. While driving this weekend, I counted 28 Dr. Pepper bottles and 14 Diet Coke cans in a 2Â ½-mile span of roadway. Our neighborhoods and countryside are being plagued daily by enormous amounts of empty bottles and cans. People don't think twice about pitching their empties out of the car window. An uncaring attitude is taking over society. Although Coca-Cola seems to be reaping the benefits of our fast-paced, thirsty society, our beautiful land is not so lucky. On Saturdays, I see Boy Scout Troop 99 picking up trash using separate sacks for the bottles and the cans. By noon, their total bottle and can collection for a one-mile radius generally fills about 17 large garbage bags. Obviously, this is proof that these disposable bottles and cans are destroying the beauty of our neighborhoods. Another example I have encountered is the ugliness presented on Highway 66 between Luther and Wellston. Again, it is common to se e paper sacks full of bottles and cans thrown to the side of the road. Subsequently, the bottles break in pieces over the side of the highway, threatening flat tires for the motorists. Playgrounds are demolished by cans left behind after picnics on Sunday afternoons. Parks have been invaded by party groups too lazy to hit the trash cans. Instead, glass is broken and left behind for others to deal with. In addition to blemishing our neighborhoods and countrysides, disposable bottles and cans cause hazards to the wildlife. Disposable bottles and cans result in tremendous dangers to wildlife in our environment. For the buyer's convenience, throwaway cans are packaged using connected plastic rings to hold the cans in a six-pack. But this packaging method is anything but a convenience to our wildlife. Instead, the plastic rings yield tremendous dangers to our lake and pond wildlife. Ducks, geese and many other types of water birds get tangled up in these plastic rings and struggle for hours to break free. Disposable Containers for a Disposable Environment :: Expository Exemplification Essays Disposable Containers for a Disposable Society As society goes through its day-to-day activities, it consumes an enormous amount of liquids. Of course, those liquids are packaged in various types of apparatuses, many of which are disposable. But disposable to whom? "Out of sight-out of mind," maybe? Granted, disposable and throwaway containers are a convenience for the moment, but they are rapidly becoming a devastating eye sore. Disposable bottles and cans invite enormous hazards to the environment. Disposable containers create unsightly neighborhoods and countryside. While driving this weekend, I counted 28 Dr. Pepper bottles and 14 Diet Coke cans in a 2Â ½-mile span of roadway. Our neighborhoods and countryside are being plagued daily by enormous amounts of empty bottles and cans. People don't think twice about pitching their empties out of the car window. An uncaring attitude is taking over society. Although Coca-Cola seems to be reaping the benefits of our fast-paced, thirsty society, our beautiful land is not so lucky. On Saturdays, I see Boy Scout Troop 99 picking up trash using separate sacks for the bottles and the cans. By noon, their total bottle and can collection for a one-mile radius generally fills about 17 large garbage bags. Obviously, this is proof that these disposable bottles and cans are destroying the beauty of our neighborhoods. Another example I have encountered is the ugliness presented on Highway 66 between Luther and Wellston. Again, it is common to se e paper sacks full of bottles and cans thrown to the side of the road. Subsequently, the bottles break in pieces over the side of the highway, threatening flat tires for the motorists. Playgrounds are demolished by cans left behind after picnics on Sunday afternoons. Parks have been invaded by party groups too lazy to hit the trash cans. Instead, glass is broken and left behind for others to deal with. In addition to blemishing our neighborhoods and countrysides, disposable bottles and cans cause hazards to the wildlife. Disposable bottles and cans result in tremendous dangers to wildlife in our environment. For the buyer's convenience, throwaway cans are packaged using connected plastic rings to hold the cans in a six-pack. But this packaging method is anything but a convenience to our wildlife. Instead, the plastic rings yield tremendous dangers to our lake and pond wildlife. Ducks, geese and many other types of water birds get tangled up in these plastic rings and struggle for hours to break free.

Essay --

Communication and Professional Practice Niamh Hubble T00157631 1st year Social Care Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to explore why non-verbal communication is an important tool for professional practice. Some of the aspects of non-verbal communication are facial expression, eye contact, posture, orientation, proximity, touch, fine movement, gross movement, dress, setting and direct work (Egan 2002). [The Skilled Helper/ People Skills] In my opinion non-verbal communication is a very important tool when working with clients. For example, in a professional setting a client could be telling you they are fine and they aren’t afraid yet they could be shaking or looking around nervously. The non-verbal prompts that clients give out subconsciously or consciously give us, as professional workers clues to how the person is really feeling even if what they say using verbal communication isn’t the same as the non-verbal prompts. Thompson (2009) says that in addition to the words we speak, we give very powerful messages through non-verbal communication and our body l anguage ...

Reciproc And Biorace Rotary Systems Health And Social Care Essay

The balance between continuing the apical root construction and apical disinfection has been ever a challenge in endodontias peculiarly in curving root canals. To cut down the procedural accidents and the clip required for root canal readying, the usage of Nickel-Titanium rotary instruments was proposed. Each rotary system has different clinical advantages and disadvantages sing their peculiar belongingss. The intent of this ex vivo survey was to measure and compare the apical transit induced by the Reciproc and BioRace rotary systems in fixing the mesiobuccal root of the human maxillary grinders. Methodology: The mesiobuccal canals of 60 extracted maxillary grinders with curvature angle between 25-45Es were selected and indiscriminately assigned into two groups ( n=30 ) . The root canal readying was performed by either Reciproc or BioRace rotary systems. A double-digital radiographic technique and AutoCAD package were used to compare the apical transit at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 millimeter from the working length ( WL ) . The distance between the maestro apical traffic circle file and the initial K file in the overlying radiogram was considered as apical transit. An independent t-test was used to compare the groups. P & lt ; 0.05 was considered as statistically important. Consequence: There was no incidence of instrument break in any of the instances. Apical transit of the Reciproc group was significantly greater than the BioRace group in all distances ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) . The maximal apical transit was at 0.5 millimeter of the WL for Reciproc group ( 0.048 A ± 0.0028 ) and the lower limit was at 5 millimeter from the WL for the BioRace group ( 0.010 A ± 0.0005 ) . In both groups, the apical transit decreased when the distance from the WL increased. Decision: Under the status of this survey, both systems created a little change in original form of the canals, although the BioRace system produced significantly less apical transit than the Reciproc system. Cardinal Wordss: Apical transit, BioRace files, Reciproc files, Root canal readyingIntroduction:Cleaning and defining of the root canal is a critical stage in endodontic interventions ( 1, 2 ) . During this process, some grades of divergence from the original form of the canals might happen when fixing curved canals with unstained steel manus instruments. These aberrances may hold a negative consequence on the result of endodontic interventions by worsening the efficiency of the disinfection processs and the possible inauspicious consequence on obturation ( ref 22 ) . To get the better of the drawbacks of instruments made of unstained steel metal, Nickel-titanium ( NiTi ) instruments were proposed ( 3 ) . Nowadays, the Numberss of NiTi rotary systems with peculiar belongingss are available. A new endodontic traffic circle file system named Reciproc ( VDW, Munich, Germany ) is introduced to the market. This system is claimed, by the maker, to be capable of determining the root canal systems exhaustively with merely one instrument. Files from this system have been constructed by a new heat-treatment operation from a particular metal called M-Wire NiTi. These single-use files have increased flexibleness and are more immune to cyclic weariness than traditional NiTi wire files. Furthermore, the S-shaped cross-section design of these files has produced two effectual cutting borders ( 4 ) . These honoring characteristics may connote the utile consequence of this system to be used in curving canals. Different size and assorted tapering of the Reciproc files are available as follows: R25 ; tip Size # 25 with apical taper of 8 % ( 08/25 ) , R40 ; tip size # 40 with an apical taper of 6 % ( 06/40 ) , R50 ; tip size # 50 with an apical taper of 5 % ( 05/50 ) . A particular machine- controlled device was introduced for application of these instruments with a mutual gesture. On the other manus, Race traffic circle system ( FKG. Dentaire SA, La choux-de – founds, Switzerland ) , thanks to its particular design, have been addressed by several surveies to efficaciously clean the root canal system with the ability of bring forthing more centered canal form ( 5,6,7,8,9 ) . File of this system have a triangular cross-section design and jumping cutting borders. The BioRace system, with a new set of files, is different from the regular Race instruments with regard to the size, taper, sequence and shank codifications. The maker has claimed that using merely four instruments could accomplish the equal apical readying size ( 10 ) . Measuring the apical transit may be carried out by different techniques but it can be debatable as each technique has its ain restrictions and there is no associating gold standard method for it ( 11 ) . The dual radiographic ace infliction technique antecedently proposed by Maggiore ( ref ) is one of the most efficient, easy-to-use and cost effectual methods in which we can determine the maximal existent curvature of the canal ( 13, 14 ) . By this method, we are able to measure the radiogram taken earlier and after root canal readying to observe the aberrance from the original form of the canals. To the best of our cognition, no survey exists in the literature comparing the apical transit of the Reciproc and BioRace systems. Hence, this ex vivo survey was set up to step and compare the apical transit of these two rotary systems, while fixing the mesiobuccal root of the extracted human grinders.Materials and Methods:Sixty extracted maxillary grinders with mesiobuccal root curvature between 25Es to 45Es and the radius of curvature between 3.5 to 10 millimeters were selected to include in this survey during the undermentioned processs. Access pits were prepared utilizing a a†° 4 unit of ammunition diamond bur ( SS White Burs, Lakewood Inc, USA ) in a high-velocity handpiece and cooled with H2O. The presence of 2nd mesiobuccal canal was assessed utilizing stereomicroscope at 40N†¦ magnification and served as exclusion standards. The WL measuring was done by deducting 1mm from the length the file tip extruded apically when viewed under the microscope. Teeth with similar length were collected for this experiment. Each tooth was fixed in a crystalline plastic box and attached to a goniometer turntable which was stuck into a platform. A # 15 K-file was inserted in the root canal to the WL and several radiographic images were obtained as the turntable was bit by bit rotated. When the file in the root canal appeared directly on a radiographic position, the turntable was turned 90 grades where the maximal curvature of the root canal was seeable. This position was considered as the pre-operative form radiogram and the scenes were recorded as an index for the undermentioned radiogram. This process was performed for each sample. The grade of root curvature and the radius of curvature of the cardinal axis of the K- file were assessed by AutoCAD 2010 ( Autodesk, San Rafael, CA ) . Teeth with complete formed root and the aforesaid standards were selected and included in this survey. The selected samples were indiscriminately assigned into two experimental groups. A Plexiglas gigue was designed for confident standardisation of the experimental status. By this mean, quotable places of the X-ray cone and the detector would be assured during the survey for each sample. The double-digital radiographic technique was used to compare the apical transit in the same manner described in old publications ( 12, 15 ) In Group A, the samples were instrumented with BioRace files ( 08/ 25, 05/15, 04/25, 06/25 ) harmonizing to the industries ‘ instructions by a soft in- and- out gesture. Each instrument was removed from the canal when it reached to the WL and rotated without biting. In Group B, the samples were prepared with a R25 Reciproc file harmonizing to the makers ‘ instructions by a light reciprocating, in- and- out picking gesture. The instruments were removed from the canal after each three batchs to clean the gathered dust in flutes. It is noteworthy that all instruments of both groups were set in a Sirona ENDO 6:1 contra-angle handpiece ( Bensheim, Germany ) attached to an endodontic torque-limited electric motor ( VDW, Ag, Reciproc motor, VDW ) and all the processs were performed by one experient operator. Besides, no statistically important differences were observed between curvature angles and the radius of curvature of the selected root canals for each group by using Student ‘s t trial. In both groups, root canal irrigation was performed by alternate usage of 1 % Na hypochlorite and 17 % EDTA trisodium solution. A glide way was established before readying of the BioRace group merely as the maker of the Reciproc does non urge it. The patency was checked after utilizing each instrument in both groups. The prepared dentitions in each group were put on the constructed radiographic gigue at the once recorded grade of rotary motion. A postoperative radiogram was taken with the maestro apical traffic circle file inserted into the canal to the working length. All digital radiographic images were made by the Schick digital radiogram system ( Schick Technologies, Inc Long Island City, NY, USA ) . The images transferred to AutoCAD 2010 and the initial and concluding radiogram were superimposed. An independent expert, unaware of the survey processs, blindly measured the divergence from the initial K file to the cardinal axis of the maestro apical traffic circle file at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 millimeter from the vertex. The mean and standard divergences were obtained for each group and the Independent-Sample T trial was performed to happen statistically important differences between the two groups.Consequences:No dentition were excluded from the survey and all 60 samples were included in the statistical analysis. There was no incidence of instrument separation in any of the instances. Both groups showed little divergence from the original form of the canal. The apical transit induced by the Reciproc group was significantly greater than the BioR ace group in all distances ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) . The maximal apical transit was at 0.5 millimeter of the WL for Reciproc group ( 0.048 A ± 0.0028 ) and the lower limit was at 5 millimeter from the WL for the BioRace group ( 0.010 A ± 0. 0005 ) . In both groups the apical transit decreased when the distance from the WL increased. The average values of apical transit for each group are summarized in table 1.Discussion:One of the of import intents of the root canal readying scheme is to organize a bit by bit tapering outgrowth for the root canal while maintaining its original form ( 1 ) . However, some iatrogenic mistakes may happen during the defining of narrow and curving canals. Examples of these bad lucks are canals transit, cubitus or shelf formation and canal obstructor ( 16, 17, 18 ) . By definition described in 2003 by the American Association of the Endodontics apical transit will happen by remotion of the canal wall construction on the exterior of canal curvature. This procedural mistake takes topographic point owing to the leaning of the files to self-return to their original consecutive form during canal readying ( 19 ) . As Weine ( 20 ) stated, one time transit has occurred it is impossible to acquire back to the original canal form, peculiarly in curved canals. In other words, it may take to an hourglass-shaped at the apical terminal of the canal and go forthing septic mush tissue on untasted walls. It besides can take to a shelf or perforation if improper instrumentality continued ( 21 ) . Assorted surveies have demonstrated that NiTi rotary instruments in comparing to stainless steel files, can keep the original form of the canals better ( 23-28 ) . Among rotary systems, several studies have shown that the Race rotary system is capable of maintaining the original morphology of the root canal during instrumentality ( 5-9 ) . Until the clip of this survey, there are limited surveies sing the cleansing efficaciousness and determining ability of Reciproc rotary file system. In an appraisal by Burklein et Al ( 4 ) , the determining ability of Reciproc and WaveOne instruments in curving canals were compared with Mtwo and protaper rotary system. Their consequences confirmed that all tried instruments were safe and able to maintain the original curvature of the root canal. Similar findings confirmed once more in the following survey of these research workers ( Burklein 2012 ) . In another study which was performed in rosin simulated curved canals by Yoo & A ; Cho ( ref ) reve aled that Reciproc and WaveOne instruments had good defining ability and could keep the original canal curvature better than the Protaper & A ; Profile systems. In the current survey we evaluated the apical transit of a reciprocating single-file system alleged Reciproc with BioRace system, as a control, during readying of the mesiobuccal root of the extracted maxillary grinders. Numerous methods have been proposed to measure and compare the form of the root canals pre- and post-instrumentation. Radiographic imagination technique was selected for this survey since no physical interfering was required. Although, this method has some drawbacks like inability to detect 3-dimensional position and cross-section of the root canals ( 29 ) . For the radiographic rating of the apical transit, both the mesiodistal and buccolingual positions can be used, albeit they might non detect the existent transit. To get the better of this issue and show the extreme existent curvature of the canal, we took several radiographic projections in order to obtain the most approximative mentality of the canal. This method was besides antecedently used by Iqbal et Al ( 12 ) . The mesiobuccal roots of the extracted human maxillary grinders were preferred for our survey since they normally present highlighted curvatures and have mesiodistal flattening ( 30 ) . Roots with 2nd mesiobuccal canals were non employed as they might hold assorted anatomical constellations. To maintain the status of our survey similar to clinical pattern, the Crowns of the tooth were non resected as they might bring forth force per unit area on the files during root canal readying ( 31 ) . In this survey, extracted dentitions were used alternatively of rosin blocks. Resin stuffs have different mechanical belongingss in comparing to human dentition. As their hardness, compaction and snap are lower than dentin, the readying dislocations such as transit may happen with less frequence ( 32 ) . Furthermore, the possible created heat during instrumentality in rosin blocks may supple the rosin stuffs which may paste to the cutting blades ( 33 ) . To go through over any possible consequence of the air force per unit area on the torsion and velocity, electric torque-controlled motors, alternatively of air-driven systems, was employed in this survey ( 34, 35 ) . Irrigation was carried out by alternate utilizing of 1 % Na hypochlorite and 17 % EDTA trisodium solutions, as proposed by Peters et Al ( 36 ) and Hartmann et Al ( 37 ) . This irrigation method avoids smear layer compression generated during instrumentality, therefore suppressing the WL loss and minimising the likeliness of transit. Although the mutual gesture can be served as the promotion of the balanced-force gesture technique, which has intended for manus readying of badly curved canals ( 38 ) , but our consequences revealed that the Reciproc files were significantly produced more transit that BioRace group. This determination might be attributed to the superior flexibleness of the Race files or might be ascribed by the presence of crisp film editing borders in Reciproc files. It is noteworthy that the greater flexibleness of the Race files can be credited to their particular design and the sections on their on the job surface. In an probe by Rangel et Al ( 39 ) on determining ability of Race rotary instruments in fake root canals revealed that they were able to quickly fix the fake canals with small alterations in WL and few aberrances in canal constellation. These findings were in conformity with our consequences. Based on our findings, it may be speculated that the centered apical readying of a root canal may depends on the file design and its flexibleness or the instrumentality technique as besides stated by Bergmans et Al ( 40 ) . Wu et Al ( ref ) demonstrated that the apical transit more than 0.3 millimeter will negatively impact the root canal seal. In present survey, the apical transit values induced by either Reciproc or BioRace system were lower than the old published studies ( ref ) . Furthermore, it seems that these degrees of transit might non be within the clinical importance in which the quality of a root canal would be affected. Further surveies with different methodological analysiss should be performed to look into more on public presentation of endodontic instruments within the root canal and to measure the transit of the new instruments and techniques. In decision, we found that the BioRace system produced significantly less apical transit than the Reciproc system and retained the original form of the canal better.RecognitionsThe writers thank the Vice-Chancellery of Shiraz University of Medical Science for back uping this research ( Grant # 3644-03-01-90 ) . The writers would wish to thank Dr. Shahram Hamedani ( DDS, MSc ) for his column suggestions in the manuscript. Table 1. Apical transit ( millimeter ) at different distances from the working length Mean + SD Phosphorus BioRace Reciproc 0.5mm 0.038 A ± 0.0028 0.048 A ± 0.0028 & lt ; 0.001 1mm 0.034 A ± 0.0045 0.042 A ± 0.0028 & lt ; 0.001 2mm 0.028 A ± 0.003 0.035 A ± 0.0031 & lt ; 0.001 3mm 0.020 A ± 0.0008 0.025 A ± 0.003 & lt ; 0.001 4mm 0.012 A ± 0009 0.017 A ± 0.002 & lt ; 0.001 5mm 0.010 A ± 0.0005 0.011 A ± 0.00038 & lt ; 0.001 Fig 1. Average apical transit ( millimeter ) for the experimental groups

Power of Active Directory in Windows Server 2003 Essay

In order to understand the concept of active directory first lets take a look at directory service. Directory Service is a service which stores information of using and managing different objects of network at a centralized point. Those objects include printing servers, file servers, printers; fax servers etc . The directory service stores all of the information regarding the resources and at the same time provides mechanism of easy access to the resources’ information for the users. Active directory is also a directory service in windows server 2003 which stores information about the netwrok resources and about the services that make this information available to the users. Now let’s look at the power and key features of active directory in windows server 2003:  ·Multiple selections of directory objects: We can change the common attributes of many users at the one time.  ·Drag-and-drop functionality: You just need to drag and drop the directory objects from one container to another in order to move them  ·Efficient search capabilities: The object oriented searching facility provides efficient search minimizing the traffic on the network.  ·Saved queries: The active directory queries can be saved, exported, reopened and refreshed, and the results of the attributed queries can also be exported.  ·Active Directory command-line tools: A number of command line tools are available to manage the active directory. Those tools are Ntdsutil, Dsget, Dsrm, Dsmod, Csvde, Dsadd, Dsquery, Dsmove and Ldifde.  · Domain functional levels :Active directory’s domain wide features in your network can be enable using domain functional levels.  ·Forest functional levels: The Active directory’s forest wide features in your network can also be now enabled using forest functional levels.  ·Secure All Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) traffic:   All Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) traffic is signed and encrypted by Active directory’s administrative tools, by default. It ensures that the data is not corrupted and that it is coming from the known source.  ·Active directory quota: With Active directory quota, the ownership of objects by a user, computer or group can be limited by assigning quotas.  ·New Group Policy settings: more than 200 group policy setting are included in windows server 2003‘s active directory.  ·New Resultant Set Of Policy (RSoP) Wizard is included which enables you to check the policies assigned to a specific user or computer.  ·Folder redirection is also made very easy.  ·Advanced options for software installation are available, which makes installation process easy and administration effective.  ·InetOrgPerson class has been added to enhance the security and it can be used in the same way as the user class is used.  ·Cross forest support is also provided.  ·The Software Restriction Policies that are included can identify unwanted or hostile soft wares and hence will not let them execute on the computer. But this requires that the system is either being run on Microsoft Windows XP Professional or on a family member of Windows Server 2003.  ·Domain controller renaming: The domain controllers, without demoting, can now be renamed with the active directory of windows server 2003.As well as the domain name can now also be renamed with this.  ·In the domain hierarchy, the domains can be moved from one location to another.  ·The two way transitivity can now be extended by creating forest trust.  ·The users’ access of one domain or forest can be allowed, disallowed or given selective access to another domain of forest.  ·Unnecessary objects of the schema can be deactivated  ·In order to link the auxiliary classes to the objects on dynamic bases, extra support is provided.  ·When the partial attribution set is extended , the resulted administrative actions take place; at that time the Tuning global catalog replication is available for preserving global catalog’s state of synchronization All in all the active directory of Windows server 2003 provides a lot of additional features which to facilitate the management, administration and usage of resources in the network. The security additions are also very remarkable and a lot of flexibility is given to the administrator to check and configure different parameters of the network. Other than this some work has also to improve the responsiveness of the network and to cater with the network traffic. Flexibility for moving objects and domains, and for renaming them is also made easy .And with the new policies introduced the access of a user from one domain of forest to another can also be a controlled effectively. Providing these all functionalities and flexibilities to the networks administrators and mangers make their tasks of access controls, security, managing of objects etc very easy. References Spealman, Jill, & Hudson, Kurt (2004). Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Infrastructure. Redmond ,Washington: Microsoft Press. Jones, Don (2003). Windows Server 2003 Weekend Crash course. NewYork: Wiley Publishing Inc..